Explanation :

• The CAATSA is a United States federal law, passed in 2017 that imposed sanctions on Iran, North Korea, and Russia.
• The Act empowers the US President to impose at least five of the 12 listed sanctions on persons engaged in a “significant transaction” with Russian defence and intelligence sectors.
• Its ultimate goal is to prevent revenue from flowing to the Russian Government.

S-400 Missile Defence System

• It is an air defence missile system that can take down enemy’s aircraft in the sky from the surface itself.
• It is known as Russia’s most advanced long-range surface-to-air missile defence system, capable of destroying hostile strategic bombers, jets, missiles and drones at a range of 380-km.

Explanation :

• The “Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet region of China and India” was signed on 29^thApril 1954 in Beijing between India and China enunciated the principles of Panchsheel.
• The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, also known in India as the Panchsheel which are as follow:
• Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.
• Mutual non-aggression.
• Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs.
• Equality and mutual benefit.
• Peaceful co-existence.
• The universal relevance of Panchsheel Pact was emphasised when United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) incorporated its principles in a resolution on peaceful co-existence, which was unanimously adopted on 11 December 1957.
• The Five Principles formed the basis of the Non-Aligned Movement, established in Belgrade, in 1961.

Explanation :

The Moscow Format was introduced in 2017 on the basis of the six-party mechanism for consultations between special representatives from Russia, Afghanistan, China, Pakistan, Iran and India. The Moscow Format meeting’s main objective is to facilitate the national reconciliation process in Afghanistan and secure peace in that country as soon as possible. The second meeting was held on September 2018.

Source: CSC May 2019

Explanation :

• The Chagos Archipelago or Chagos Islands are a group of seven atolls. The island group is located in the central Indian Ocean, about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) south of the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent.
• The decision of ICJ is only advisory in nature and not binding on the UK.

Explanation :

• The Group of Seven (G7) is a group consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This grouping is of those countries which are considered as advanced economies by IMF.
• G7 grouping was an outcome of the 1973 Oil Crisis.

Explanation :

• It will help in the development of Xinjiang province which is situated in the western part of China and is always in mess due to Uighur issues.
• With BRI, China will become the epicenter in the Indo-Pacific region.

Explanation :

CPEC will connect Kashgar (Xinjiang Province) to Gwadar port in China. Its main aim is to bypass the Strait of Malacca which can act as a choking point for Chinese vessels.

Explanation :

• The ‘One Belt’ refers to the land-based Silk Road Economic Belt. Here China aims to connect the country’s underdeveloped hinterland (Like Xinjiang province) to Europe through Central Asia.
• The ‘One Road’ references the ocean-going Maritime Silk Road. It is to connect the fast-growing South East Asian region to China’s southern provinces through ports and railways networks.

Explanation :

• ICRC is a independent and a nongovernmental humanitarian institution founded in 1863 in Geneva, Switzerland.
• ICRC has won Nobel Peace prizes in 1917, 1944, and 1963 for its work.
• The legal mandate of the ICRC stems from the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, as well as its own Statutes.

Explanation :

• Under the Geneva Convention, there is no time limit defined for the release of POW.
• The country concerned can release the POW unilaterally or with an agreement signed by the country to which the POW belongs to.
• E.g.- India released the POW of Pakistan in 1971 with an agreement signed in 1972, called as Simla Agreement.