Human Resources

Human Resource Challenges

• India’s rank in the Human Development Index (HDI) deteriorated to 132 in 2021 from 130 in 2017, out of a total of 189 countries.
• India's HDI value of 0.633, places the country in the medium human development category, lower than its value of 0.645 in the 2020 report

Therefore, it is important to focus on human development in order to become self-reliant. Public sector delivery of social services such as education skill and health is critical in this regard.

Human Resource

• Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) - 4 seeks ‘to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all’ by 2030.
• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) effective till 2017-18 was the designated Centrally Sponsored Scheme to meet the objectives of the RTE Act in elementary schools, provided assistance to State Governments and UTs for universalization of elementary education in the country.
• The Department of School Education and Literacy has launched an Integrated Scheme for School Education - Samagra Shiksha w.e.f. 2018-19, which subsumes three erstwhile Centrally Sponsored Schemes of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) and Teacher Education (TE).
• The new integrated scheme envisages school education as a continuum from pre-school to senior secondary level and aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education.
• The government launched Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching (PMMMNMTT) which aims at building a strong professional cadre of teachers by setting performance standards and creating top class institutional facilities

Skill Development

• General education improves knowledge of the people while skill training enhances their employability and equips them to tackle requirements of labour market.
• According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2017-18 only 13.53 per cent of the workforce in the productive age-group of 15-59 years has received training (2.26 per cent formal vocational/technical training and 11.27 per cent informal training).
• Under the Skill India Mission, the Government implements the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) 2016-20 which enables large number of prospective youth to take up Short Term Training (STT) and Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL).