Major commodities imported to India are pulses, edible oils, fresh fruits and cashew nuts. Major commodities exported by India are rice, spices, cotton, meat and its preparations, sugar, etc. Over the past few decades, the share of agricultural imports in total imports has increased from 2.8% in 1990- 91 to 4.2% in 2014-15, whereas the share of agricultural exports has reduced from 18.5% to 12.7%.
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Agricultural Revolutions Green Revolution: It stands for a major technological breakthrough in India based on (i) improved seeds of high yielding varieties, (ii) adequate and assured supply of water for irrigation, and (iii) increased and appropriate application of chemical fertilizers for increasing agricultural production. White Revolution: It stands for remarkable increase in milk production and establishment of a national milk grid, removing regional and seasonal imbalances. Among the technological inputs are (i) crossbreeding of indigenous cows with high milk yielding European breed; (ii) pasteurization of milk for keeping it for a longer duration; (iii) collection of quality milk from members in rural areas; and (iv) refrigerated transport system which helps sending milk to far off metropolitan centres both by road and rail. Blue Revolution: It refers to big rise in catching of fresh water and marine fish. Yellow Revolution: It refers to remarkably steady and assured supply of poultry products. Pink Revolution: It refers to a considerable rise in the production of quantity of apples particularly in the states of Himachal Pradesh and J&K. |
