Indian States

India is a federal union comprising 29 states and 7 union territories, for a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and smaller administrative divisions.

Andhra Pradesh

• Capital: Amravati (de facto), Hyderabad (de jure)
• Area: 160200 sq. km (7^th largest State)
• Districts: 13
• Population: 493.8 Lakh (2011)-(10^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 308 per Sq. Km.
• Sex Ratio: 993
• Literacy: 67.08% (Male: 74.88, Female: 59.15)
• Principal Languages: Telugu, Urdu, Hindi, Banjara
• Bordering States: Bounded by Chhattisgarh and Odisha in the north, Karnataka and Telangana in the west and Tamil Nadu in the south, while the eastern boundary is formed by the Bay of Bengal.

Arunachal Pradesh

• Capital: Itanagar
• Area: 83,743 sq km (15^th largest State)
• Districts: 25
• Population: 1383727 (2011)-(27^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 17 (least dense state)
• Sex Ratio: 938
• Literacy: 65.38% (Male: 72.55%; Female: 57.70%)
• Principal Languages: Nyishi, Adi, Bengali, Nepali, Hindi, Mohpa, Assamese, Wancho, Tangsa, Mishmi, Mishing
• Bordering States/Countries: Bounded by Tibet (China) in the north, Myanmar in the east, Assam and Nagaland in the south and Bhutan in the west.

Assam

• Capital: Dispur
• Area: 78,438 sq km (17^th largest State)
• Districts: 34
• Population: 31205576 (2011)-(15^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 397
• Sex Ratio: 958
• Literacy: 72.19% (Male: 77.85%; Female: 66.27%)
• Principal Languages: Assamese and Bengali, Bodo
• Bordering States/Countries: Bounded by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh in the north, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Manipur in the east, Mizoram and Tripura in the south, and West Bengal, Bangladesh, and Meghalaya in the south.

Bihar

• Capital: Patna
• Area: 94,163 sq km (13^th largest State)
• Districts: 38
• Population: 10.4099452 (2011)-(3^rd populous State)
• Density of Population: 1,106 (most dense state)
• Sex Ratio: 918
• Literacy: 61.80% (Male: 71.20%; Female: 51.50%)
• Principal Languages: Hindi, Urdu
• Bordering States/ Country: Bounded by Nepal in the north, West Bengal in the east, Jharkhand in the south and Uttar Pradesh in the west.

Chhattisgarh

• Capital: Raipur
• Area: 1,36,034 sq km (9^th largest State)
• Districts: 27
• Population: 25,545198 (2011)-(17^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 190
• Sex Ratio: 991
• Literacy: 70.01 % (Male: 80.27%; Female: 60.24%)
• Language: Hindi
• Bordering States: Bounded by Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand in the north, Jharkhand and Odisha in the east, Andhra Pradesh in the south and Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra in the west.
• The state of Chhattisgarh was carved out of Madhya Pradesh as the 26th state of India on 1st November, 2000.

Goa

• Capital: Panaji
• Area: 3,702 sq km ((29^th largest State)
• District: 2
• Population:1458545 (2011)-(26^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 394
• Sex Ratio: 973
• Literacy: 88.70% (Male: 92.65%; Female: 84.66%).
• Principal Languages: Konkani, Marathi, Gujarati
• Bordering States: Maharashtra and Karnataka in the north, Karnataka in the south and east, while to the West lies the Arabian Sea.

Gujarat

• Capital: Gandhinagar
• Area: 1,96,024 sq km (5^th largest State)
• Districts: 33
• Population: 60439692 (2011)-(9^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 308
• Sex Ratio: 919
• Literacy: 78.03 (Male: 85.75%; Female: 69.68%)
• Principal Languages: Gujarati and Hindi
• Bordering States/ UTs: Shares its borders with Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and the Union Territories of Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli. The Arabian Sea borders the state both to the west and the south-west. It also shares border with Pakistan.
• The present state of Gujarat came into being on 1st May, 1960.

Haryana

• Capital: Chandigarh
• Area: 44,212 sq. km. (21^st largest State)
• Districts: 22
• Population: 25351462-(18^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 573
• Sex Ratio: 879
• Literacy: 75.55% (Male: 84.06%; Female: 65.94%)
• Principal Language: Hindi
• Bordering States/UT: Punjab and Himachal Pradesh in the north, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi in the east, and Rajasthan in the south and west.
• The state of Haryana came into existence on 1st November, 1966.

Himachal Pradesh

• Capital: Shimla
• Area: 55,673 sq km (18^th largest State)
• Districts: 12
• Population: 6864602 (2011)-(21st populous State)
• Density of Population: 123
• Sex Ratio: 972
• Literacy: 82.80% (Male: 89.53%; Female: 75.93%)
• Principal Languages: Hindi and Pahadi
• Bordering States/Countries: Bounded by Jammu and Kashmir in the north, Tibet (China) and Uttarakhand in the east, Haryana and Punjab in the south and south-west.

Jammu & Kashmir

• Capital: Srinagar (Summer), Jammu (Winter)
• Area: 2,22,236 sq km (includes 78,114 sq km under illegal occupation of Pakistan, 5180 sq km illegally handed over by Pakistan to China and 37,555 sq km under illegal occupation of China).
• Districts: 22
• Population: 12, 541,302 (2011)-(19^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 56
• Sex Ratio: 889
• Literacy: 68.74% (Male: 76.75%; Female: 56.43%)
• Principal Languages: Urdu, Kashmiri, Laddakhi, Dari, Punjabi, Balti, Pahari, Dogri
• Bordering States/Countries: Bounded by Afghanistan and China in the north, Tibet (China) in the east, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab in the south, and Pakistan in the west

Jharkhand

• Capital: Ranchi
• Area: 79,714 sq km (16^th largest State)
• Districts: 24
• Population: 32988134 (2011)-(14^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 414
• Sex Ratio: 948
• Literacy: 66.41% (Male: 76.84%; Female: 55.42%)
• Principal Languages: Hindi and Santhali
• Bordering States: Bihar in the north, West Bengal in the east, Odisha in the south and Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh in the west.
• The state of Jharkhand was carved out of Bihar on 15^th November 2000 as the 28th state.

Karnataka

• Capital: Bengaluru
• Area: 1,91,791 sq km (6^th largest State)
• Districts: 32
• Population: 61095297 (2011) – (8th populous State)
• Density of Population: 319
• Sex Ratio: 973
• Literacy: 75.36% (Male: 82.47%; Female: 68.08%)
• Principal Languages: Kannada
• Bordering States: Surrounded by the Arabian Sea on the west, Goa on the northwest, Maharashtra on the north, Andhra Pradesh on the east, Tamil Nadu on the southeast, and Kerala on the southwest.

Kerala

• Capital: Thiruvananthapuram
• Area: 38,863 sq km (22nd largest State)
• Districts: 14
• Population: 33406061 (2011)- (13^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 859
• Sex Ratio: 1084
• Literacy: 94% (Male: 96.11%; Female: 92.07%)
• Principal Language: Malayalam
• Bordering States/UT: Karnataka in the north, Tamil Nadu in the east, while to the west lies the Arabian Sea

Madhya Pradesh

• Capital: Bhopal
• Area: 3,08,000 sq km (2^nd largest State)
• Districts: 52
• Population: 72626809 (2011)- (5^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 236
• Sex Ratio: 931
• Literacy: 69.32% (Male: 78.73%; Female: 59.24%)
• Principal Language: Hindi
• Bordering States: Uttar Pradesh in the north, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh in the east, Maharashtra in the south and Gujarat and Rajasthan in the west.
• ‘Niwari’ became the 52nd district of Madhya Pradesh on 1 October 2018. It was carved out of district Tikamgarh.

Maharashtra

• Capital: Mumbai
• Area: 3,07,713 sq km (3^rd largest State)
• Districts: 36
• Population: 112374333 (2011)-(2^nd populous State)
• Density of Population: 365
• Sex Ratio: 929
• Literacy: 82.34% (Male: 88.38%; Female: 75.87%)
• Principal Languages: Marathi, Hindi, Konkani
• Bordering States: Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in the north, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh in the east, Karnataka and Goa in the south, while to the west lies the Arabian Sea.

Manipur

• Capital: Imphal
• Area: 22,327 sq km (24th largest State)
• Districts: 16
• Population: 2855794 (2011) – (24th populous State)
• Density of Population: 128
• Sex Ratio: 985
• Literacy: 76.94% (Male: 83.58%; Female: 70.26%)
• Languages: Manipuri
• Bordering States/Countries: Nagaland in the north, Myanmar in the east, Mizoram in the south and Assam in the west.
• The state of Manipur became a fulfledged state on 21st January, 1972. Due to its wealth of flora and fauna, Manipur is described as a ‘flower on lofty heights’, ‘a jewel of India’ and ‘Switzerland of the East’. Manipur has the advantage of acting as India’s ‘Gateway to the East’ through Moreh town, which is the only feasible land route for trade between India and Myanmar and other Southeast Asian countries.

Meghalaya

• Capital: Shillong
• Area: 22,429 sq km (23^rd largest State)
• Districts: 11
• Populations 2966889 (2011)-(23^rd populous State)
• Density of Population: 132
• Sex Ratio: 986
• Literacy: 74.43 % (Male: 75.95%; Female: 72.89%)
• Principal Languages: Khasi and Garo
• Bordering States/Countries: Assam in the north and east, and Bangladesh in the south and west.

Mizoram

• Capital: Aizawl
• Area: 21,081, sq km (25^th largest State)
• Districts: 8
• Population: 1097206 (2011)- (28^th populous State)
• Density of population: 52
• Sex Ratio: 976
• Literacy: 91.33% (Male: 93.35%; Female: 89.27%)
• Principal Languages: Mizo and English
• Bordering States/Countries: Assam and Manipur in the north, Myanmar in the east, and Bangladesh and Tripura in the west.
• The state of Mizoram was created as the 23^rd state of India in February, 1987.

Nagaland

• Capital: Kohima
• Area: 16,579 sq km (26^th largest State)
• Districts: 12
• Population: 1978502 (2011) – (25^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 119
• Sex Ratio: 931
• Literacy: 79.55 % (Male: 82.75%; Female: 76.11%)
• Principal Languages: English, Angami, Ao, Chang, Konyak, Lotha
• Bordering States/Country: Assam in the west and north, Myanmar in the east and Manipur in the south.
• Nagaland, the 16th state of India was established on 1st December, 1963.

Odisha

• Capital: Bhubaneshwar
• Area: 1,55,707 sq km (8^th largest State)
• Districts: 30
• Population: 41974218 (2011)-(11^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 270
• Sex Ratio: 979
• Literacy: 72.87% (Male: 81.59%; Female: 64.01%)
• Principal Language: Odia
• Bordering States: Jharkhand and West Bengal in the north, Chhattisgarh in the west, Andhra Pradesh in the south and the Bay of Bengal in the south and east.
• Odisha was made into a separate province on 1st April, 1936 and became a state in January, 1949.

Punjab

• Capital: Chandigarh
• Area: 50,362 sq km (20^th largest State)
• Districts: 22
• Population: 27743338 (2011)- (16^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 551
• Sex Ratio: 895
• Literacy: 75.84% (Male: 80.44%; Female: 70.73%)
• Principal Languages: Punjabi and Hindi
• Bordering States/Countries: Pakistan in the west; Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh in the north; Rajasthan and Haryana in the south and east.

Rajasthan

• Capital: Jaipur
• Area: 3,42,239 sq km (Largest State of India)
• Districts: 33
• Population: 68548437 (2011)-(7^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 200
• Sex Ratio: 928
• Literacy: 66.11% (Male: 79.19%; Female: 52.12%)
• Principal Languages: Hindi and Rajasthani
• Bordering States/Country: Pakistan in the west, Punjab and Haryana in the north, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in the east and Gujarat in the south.

Sikkim

• Capital: Gangtok
• Area: 7,096 sq km (28^th largest State)
• Districts: 4
• Population: 610577 (2011) – (29^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 86
• Sex Ratio: 890
• Literacy: 81.42 % (Male: 86.55%; Female: 75.61%)
• Principal Languages: Lepcha, Bhutia, Limboo, Sikkimese and Nepali
• Bordering States/Country: Bounded by vast stretches of Tibetan Plateaux in the north, the Chumbi Valley of Tibet and the Kingdom of Bhutan in the east, Nepal in the west and West Bengal in the south. The world’s third highest mountain, Kangchendzong lies in Sikkim.

Tamil Nadu

• Capital: Chennai
• Area: 1,30,058 sq km (10^th largest State)
• Districts: 33
• Population: 72147030 (2011)- (6^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 555
• Sex Ratio: 996
• Literacy: 80.09% (Male: 86.77%; Female: 73.44%)
• Principal Languages: Tamil
• Bordering States: Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in the north, Kerala in the west, while to the east and south lies the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean.
• ‘Kallakurichi’ became the 33^rd district of Tamil Nadu on 8 January 2019 when it was created out of Viluppuram district, which was the largest district in the state.

Telangana

• Capital: Hyderabad
• Area: 114840 Km2 (11^th largest State)
• Districts: 31
• Population: 35,286,757 (12^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 306
• Sex Ratio: 988
• Literacy: 66.54 % (Male: 75.04 %, Female: 57.99 %)
• Principal Languages: Telugu and Urdu
• Bordering States: Chhattisgarh in north Maharashtra and Karnataka in the west and Andhra Pradesh in south east.
• On 2 June 2014, the area was separated from the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed 29th state with Hyderabad as its historic permanent capital.

Tripura

• Capital: Agartala
• Area: 10,491 sq km (27^th largest State)
• Districts: 8
• Population:-3673917 (2011)- (22^nd populous State)
• Density of Population: 350
• Sex Ratio: 960
• Literacy: 87.22 % (Male: 91.53%; Female: 82.73%)
• Principal Languages: Bengali and Kokborok
• Bordering States/Country: Surrounded by Bangladesh except the eastern side where its boundary is formed by Assam and Mizoram.

Uttarakhand

• Capital: Dehradun
• Area: 53,484 sq km (19^th largest State)
• Districts: 13
• Population: 10086292 (2011)-(20^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 189
• Sex Ratio: 963
• Literacy: 78.82% (Male: 87.40%; Female: 70.01%)
• Principal Languages: Hindi, Garhwali, Kumaoni
• Bordering States/Country: Tibet (China) in the north, Nepal in the east, Uttar Pradesh in the south, and Himachal Pradesh in the north-west.
• The state of Uttarakhand was carved out of Uttar Pradesh on 9th November, 2000.

Uttar Pradesh

• Capital: Lucknow
• Area: 2,40,928 sq. km. (4^th largest State)
• Districts: 75
• Population: 19,98,12,341 (2011)-(most populated State in India)
• Density of Population: 828
• Sex Ratio: 912
• Literacy: 67.68% (Male: 77.28%; Female: 57.18%)
• Principal Languages: Hindi and Urdu
• Bordering States/UT: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Nepal in the north, Bihar and Jharkhand in the east, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh in the south, and Haryana, Delhi and Rajasthan in the west.

West Bengal

• Capital: Kolkata
• Area: 88,752, sq km (14^th largest State)
• Districts: 23
• Population: 91276115 (2011)-(4^th populous State)
• Density of Population: 1,028 (2nd dense state)
• Sex Ratio: 950
• Literacy: 76.26% (Male: 81.69%; Female: 70.54%)
• Principal Language: Bengali
• Bordering States/Countries: Sikkim and Bhutan in the north, Assam and Bangladesh in the east, Nepal, Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha in the west. To the south lies the Bay of Bengal.