Livestock & Animal Husbandry

Livestock production and agriculture are intrinsically linked to each other, and both crucial for overall food security. Livestock sector is an important livelihood activity for most of the farmers. Marginal, small and semi-medium farmers with average operational holdings of area less than 4 ha own about 87.7% of the livestock of this country. India has vast resource of livestock and poultry (about 65.1 million sheep, 135.1 million goats and about 10.3 million pigs) as per 19th Livestock census. This plays a vital role in improving the socio-economic conditions of rural masses.

Recent Developments

National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development

The NPBBDD has been formulated by merging four ongoing schemes of the Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries in the dairy sector. These are the National Project for Cattle and Buffalo Breeding (NPCBB), Intensive Dairy Development Programme (IDDP), Strengthening Infrastructure for Quality and Clean Milk Production (SIQ and CMP) and assistance to cooperatives. This has been done to integrate milk production and dairying activities in a scientific and holistic manner for attaining higher levels of milk production and productivity, to meet the increasing demand for milk in the country.

Components of the Scheme

1. National Programme for Bovine Breeding

  • To arrange quality Artificial Insemination services at farmers’ doorstep
  • To bring all breedable females under organized breeding through Artificial Insemination or natural service using germplasm of high genetic merits
  • To conserve, develop and proliferate selected indigenous bovine breeds of high socio-economic importance
  • To provide quality breeding inputs in breeding tracts of important indigenous breeds so as to prevent the breeds from deterioration and extinction

2. National Programme for Dairy Development

  • To create and strengthen infrastructure for production of quality milk including cold chain infrastructure linking the farmer to the consumer.
  • To create and strengthen infrastructure for procurement, processing and marketing of milk and milk products.
  • To create training infrastructure for training of dairy farmers.
  • To strengthen dairy cooperative societies/Producers Companies at village level.
  • To increase milk production by providing technical input services like cattle-feed and mineral mixture etc.
  • To assist in rehabilitation of potentially viable milk federations/unions.

Components of National Mission on Bovine Productivity

  1. Pashu Sanjivni: It includes identification of animals in milk using UID, issuing health cards to all animals in milk and uploading data on INAPH database.
  2. Advance Reproductive Technique: Under it, sex sorted semen production facility is being created at 10 A graded semen stations and 50 EET Labs with IVF facilities.
  3. Creation of E Pashu Haat Portal: It is for linking farmers and breeders of indigenous breeds. and
  4. Establishment of National Bovine Genomic Centre for Indigenous Breeds (NBGC-IB): It is established for enhancing milk production and productivity through genomic selection among indigenous breeds.

3. Rashtriya Gokul Mission

  • Rashtriya Gokul Mission was launched in December 2014 for the development and conservation of indigenous bovine breeds for enhancing milk production and productivity through the introduction of higher genetic merit bulls for semen production, field performance recording, strengthening of bulls mother farms, setting up of Gokul Grams, etc.
  • Aim is conservation and development of indigenous breeds in a focused and scientific manner.

More about the Scheme:

  • It is a project under National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development.
  • The objective of this mission includes Conservation of indigenous breeds and their development to improve their genetic makeup, enhancing the milk productivity and distribution of disease free high genetic merit bulls for natural service.
  • Rashtriya Gokul Mission is being implemented through “State Implementing Agencies” (SIA) viz. Livestock Development Boards.
  • Scheme is implemented on 100% grant-in-aid basisand throughout the country.
It includes-
  • Establishment of Integrated Indigenous cattle centres “Gokul Gram”.
  • Establishment of Breeder’s societies “Gopalan Sangh”.
  • Award to Farmers “Gopal Ratna” and Breeders’ societies “Kamadhenu”.
  • Assistance to institution which are repositories of best germplasm.

Percentage Distribution of Total Livestock

Species

Percentage

Cattle

37. 28 per cent

Buffalo

21.23 per cent

Sheep

12. 71 per cent

Goat

26.40 per cent

Pigs

2.01 per cent

Others

0.37 per cent

Standings of India in the World

Ranking

Sector

1st

Total Livestock Population, Milk Production, Cattle Population, Buffalo Population, Carabeef Production, Goat Milk Production, Total Bovine Population

2nd

Goat Population, Bristle Production (a pig industry by-product), Fish Production

3rd

Sheep Population, Egg Production

4th

Chicken Population

5th

Poultry Meat Production, Poultry Production

8th

Duck Population

9th

Camel Population, Wool Production

Leading States in India for Livestock Production

Feature

State

Highest milk producing state

Uttar Pradesh (25,198 L)

State with highest per capita availability of milk

Punjab (1075 g)

State with highest per capita availability of eggs

Andhra Pradesh (312 eggs)

Highest meat production

Uttar Pradesh

Highest goat meat production

West Bengal

Highest poultry and sheep meat production

Andhra Pradesh

Highest wool production

Rajasthan

Highest indigenous milch cows

Madhya Pradesh

Highest Cross-bred or exotic cows

Tamil Nadu

Highest number of poultry birds

Andhra Pradesh

Highest number of mules

Jammu & Kashmir

Highest number of livestock

Uttar Pradesh

Highest cattle population

Madhya Pradesh

Highest buffalo population

Uttar Pradesh

Highest sheep population

Andhra Pradesh

Highest goat population

Rajasthan

Highest pig population

Assam

Highest camel population

Rajasthan

Highest mithun population

Arunachal Pradesh

Highest yak population

Jammu & Kashmir

Highest horses and ponies population

Uttar Pradesh

Highest donkey population

Rajasthan

  • Share of Uttar Pradesh in Total Milk Production in India: 16.8%
  • Share of Tamil Nadu in Total Egg Production in India: 18.9%
  • Share of Uttar Pradesh in Total Meat Production in India: 18.23%
  • Share of Rajasthan in Total Wool Production in India: 32.9%

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