Biological Diversity Act, 2002

The Biodiversity Act was passed in 2002 to ensure conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use of biological resources and knowledge associated with it.

Key Provisions of the Act: Prohibition on transfer of Indian genetic material outside the country, without specific approval of the Indian Government.

• Prohibition on anyone claiming an Intellectual Property Right (IPR), such as a patent, over biodiversity or related knowledge, without permission of the Indian Government.
• Regulation of collection and use of biodiversity by Indian nationals, while exempting local communities from such restrictions.
• Measures for sharing of benefits from the use of biodiversity, including transfer of technology, monetary returns, joint Research & Development, joint IPR ownership, etc.