Threat or use of force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of a State.
Offshore terrorist acts against shipping, offshore installations and other maritimeinstallations and other maritime interests, illegal time interests, illegal transport of weapon of mass destruction (WMD), unlawful acts, etc.
Piracy and armed robbery at sea.
Transnational organized crimes, e.g., smuggling crimes, smuggling of migrants, narcotic drugs, arms of migrants, etc.
Threats to resource security, e.g. illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing.
Environmental threats, e.g., major pollution, illegal dumping, etc.
Legal Framework for Preventing and Suppressing Threats to Maritime Security
Charter of the United Nations
UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)
Other global conventions
Regional conventions and arrangements
Bilateral agreements
National measures
UNCLOS
Flag State jurisdiction
Territorial sea
Archipelagic waters
Straits used for international navigation
Contiguous zone
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), High seas
Conventions
UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air.
Transport of Terrorist acts, transport of WMDs, other unlawful acts.
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).
The International Ship and Port Facility Convention.
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation,
1988 (SUA Convention) and its Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, 1988.
