Question : Discuss critically the salient features of the National Investigation Agency (NIA) regarding its purposes and jurisdiction.
(2015)
Answer : National Investigation Agency was created in 2008 after Mumbai attack to as Central Counter-terrorism agency.
Features regarding its purpose and jurisidictions-
It deals with terror related crimes across states without special permission from states. But it has failed to coordinate with states and other agenciesin combating, terrorist attack eg. recent ....
Question : Discuss the significance and role of the Central Paramilitary Forces in maintaining law and order and countering insurgency as well as terrorism.
(2015)
Answer : Significance of Paramilitary forces:-
Role of Paramilitary Forces…
Question : Critically examine the concept of community policing as a tool for improving public-police relations.
(2015)
Answer : Community policing is a political philosophy in which the police and police department are seen as members of the community, with police officers being part of where they live and work.
India has been prominently a feudal society with some tradition of associating citizens in governance during the ancient times. Creation of a police organization and specific powers of law enforcement, with preventive, investigative and prosecuting duties can be traced back to “Kautilya”.
Police-Publicrelation is sometimes ....
Question : Do you think that the Central Para-military police forces have proven more effective than the State police service? Give your answer objectively in a critical vein.
(2014)
Answer : India has the largest number of paramilitary organizations in the world, though we are second to China in numerical strength.
India raised various paramilitary outfits from time to time to meet specific national security requirements. There are two reasons for the proliferation of central paramilitary forces (CPMFs) in India. First, India faces more complex internal and border security problems than perhaps any other country in the world. Second, the state police forces are in a state ....
Question : “Police-Public relations are a story of insincere efforts made on both sides.” Elaborate.
(2014)
Answer : Police- Public relations are a long awaited police reform in India. A public-police relation frankly means a people friendly police where both interacts each other to make better policing. The community policing is a method where policing is done as a group effort of both people and police itself. But the effort made was not sincere and police remains as a elite rulers and still people fear it.
Jana Maitri of Kerala state was a good ....
Question : Critically examine the statement: ‘Thana’ (Police Station) as the last bastion of the waning British administrative legacy in India.
(2014)
Answer : Police station and police force is ruled by the Indian police act of 1861 which was made during the British period is still acts as the bastion of protecting British administrative legacy in India.
British administrators designed this act protecting British interests India. Even though there were efforts to make it people friendly still it remains as the bastion to protect the interests of the ruling powers.
The preventive detention is a one of a kind example ....
Question : Laws are enacted without involving police in the conception stage, with the result implementation of these laws leaves much to be desired. Examine the role of police in protection of children.
(2013)
Answer : Police, Civil Service and Military are a part of coercive apparatus of any state. Modern state is different from the medieval state in terms of making laws which can control the activities of these forces. A democratic state is a constitutional state. Constitutional laws guide the actions of each organ. To keep a check on the misuse of power by any organ of the state, there is a balance of powers. Executive, judiciary and legislature ....
Question : Public Administration today tends to be less of public in quantitative terms, but more responsive to public needs than before in qualitative terms. Examine with reference to citizen centric administration.
(2013)
Answer : The discipline and practice of Public Administration since 1987 has undergone several changes. The politics – administration dichotomy, propounded initially by Woodrow Wilson, slowly gave way to a gradual recognition of the science of management. F.W. Taylor’s Scientific Management movement and Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne experiments in the 1920s, had subjected the structures and processes of public organizations to a critical analysis. Efficiency had become the key concern in public administration. Gradually, during the post-war period, ....
Question : There is both criminalization of politics and politicization of criminals in India. Examine and identify the challenges they cause for law and order administration.
(2013)
Answer : Criminalization of politics in India is an extremely serious problem, which has already reached dangerous levels. In 2009 Lok Sabha, there are 73 MPs having serious charges against them. As compared to 2004, the number of MPs with criminal records has gone up. There were 128 MPs with criminal cases in 2004 Lok Sabha out of which 55 had serious criminal records.
Criminals enter Politics to become Politicians and then patronize other criminals. The dire consequences ....
Question : “Even though law and order administration is a State subject in the Indian Constitution, it is paradoxical that the para-military and other kinds of security forces under the Union Government have grown in recent years.” Critically analyse the statement.
(2012)
Answer : Although Law and Public Order falls under state list but role of central government is decisive in law and order and it has established many para-military and security forces to deal with serious law and order problems. CRPF was established as Crown Representative Police in 1939 but it was renewed as CRPF post independence under the home ministry.
State governments have objected over deployment and use of CRPF and questions are raised over legality of ‘police’ ....
Question : Compare and contrast the Padmanabhaiah, Ribeiro and Mallinath Committee Reports.
(2012)
Answer : Ribeiro, Padmanabhiah and Mallinath committees were set up as per the Supreme Court order following a PIL filed and reports were submitted in 1998, 2000 and 2003. Government of India and various state governments are considering or implementing their recommendations.
Ribeiro committee proposed major recommendations regarding security, selection of DGP, complaints regarding police etc. Its recommendations are -
Question : “Community policing has become a victim of elite capture.” Discuss the concept of community policing and bring out the implications of the above statement.
(2011)
Answer : The CP is a policing practice that aims to increase interaction between citizens and police officials for public safety and quality of life in the community. The CP promises to changerelationships progressively to improve the living conditions of neighbourhoods. It is a panacea for crime or reducing crime in the community.
The idea of community policing has universal appeal and has been advocated in public discourse for several years in India. However, it has yet to ....
Question : “The theme of Police Reforms continues to haunt the Parliament.” In the light of this statement, discuss the state of Criminal Justice System administration in India.
(2011)
Answer : The Indian criminal justice systems suffers from discrimination of certain sections of society, old-fashioned and inefficient institutions, lack of human and technical resources, lack of investigation expertise, a confesion orientedapproach to interrogation, lack of punitive actionagainst abusers of human rights, and a level of corruption. In this regard Malimath Committee has recommended that, any reform of the Indian criminal justice system must be based on respect for human rights, in particular the rights of the ....
Question : “Law and order problems of the twenty-first century cannot be tackled through legislations and structures of the nineteenth century.” suggestions for transforming the law and order machinery at the state level.
(2009)
Answer : Law and order maintenance is a state subject. It is the District magistrate at the level of district that is responsible for maintenance of law and order at local level (district level). To assist them in his task there is district police headed by superintendent of police.
In this regard it’s important to mention that police behaviour, attitudes, actions and grievance redressal machinery all are governed under act of 1861. The Indian Police Act 1861 was ....
Question : “The role played by central and state governments in maintaining law and order is inadequate and unmatched to growing criminalisation”. Comment.
(2005)
Answer : Law and order administration has acquired a new dimension in developing societies because developmental administration needs and requires a stable and orderly society free from internal disturbances.
Law and order is the state subject. Ministry of home affairs heeps a continuous watch on trends and development in law and integrity and also communal harmony. According to seventh schedule in the constitution item I of List II vests in the state the exclusive authority in regard to ....
Question : “Criminalisation of politics has been responsible for the problems related to law and order in our nation”.
(2004)
Answer : Criminalisation of politics means direct entry of criminals into the political parties and legislatures, including parliament. It also means the use of criminal methods and tactics to influence political processes and procedures.
Today politics is no longer decent; the hooligans and hoodlums are gaining control of public life. The notorious criminals, history sheeters, smugglers and murderers are swarming in politics, they are prowling in search of prey or plunder. Formerly, they were on the periphery of ....
Question : “Criminalization of politics in India has been extended to politicization of criminals”. Comment.
(2003)
Answer : Criminalization of politics and politicization of criminals are the two combined process from which India still suffers. Combined with other factors like politicization of police, it certainly poses a real threat to democracy. Politicians make true use of the services of the anti-social elements. Booth capturing, violence, intimidation and victimization are parts of electoral malpractices.
The weaker section of our electoral is mainly hit by these practices. Fear psychosis on the one hand and economic dependence ....
Question : Do you think that our administration is sensitive to grievances? Discuss the existing grievance redressal mechanism and give suggestions for enhancing its capabilities.
(2000)
Answer : Modern democratic states are characterised by welfare orientation. Hence, the government has come to play an important role in the socio-economic development of the nation. This resulted in the expansion of bureaucracy and the multiplication of administrative process, which in tern increased the administrative power and discretion enjoyed by the Civil Servants at different levels of the government. The abuse of this power and discretion enjoyed by the Civil Servants open up scope for harassment, ....
Question : “In the midst of political and socio-economic challenges, the Law and Order administration has become both difficult and delicate.” Explain.
(1999)
Answer : Law and Order administration has acquired a new dimension in our fast changing world especially in the midst of political and socio-economic challenges. In today’s democratic set up the outlook of the police has to be people oriented. But people perceive the Law and Order as being brutal, corrupt and inefficient. Police administration suffers from both political and socio-economic deficiencies. Thus, needs reform in both areas.
Political interference in promotion, posting and transfers is at its ....
Question : Do you think that the Indian police legislation, structure, technology, attitudes and behaviour are appropriate to meet the Law and Order problems in the country? What fundamental changes would you suggest in these realms to make the Central and the State Police Forces more effective in their role-performance?
(1998)
Answer : Law and Order are very wide terms and it would be tough task to define ‘Order’ as different from ‘Law’ order in the society lies in faithful and peaceful observance of the given law by the citizen.
Law and Order is the state subject. Ministry of Home Affairs keeps a continuous watch on trends and developments in Law and Order and on factors threatening national unity and integrity and also communal harmony.
The Ministry exercised following functions ....
Question : “The work of crime prevention has gone down in the priority list of police activities in recent years.” Explain, in this context, the cruciality of prevention of crime.
(1996)
Answer : The Indian Police System is the creation of British Government. The first police commission was appointed in 1860 and based on its recommendations the Police Act 1861 was enacted which imposed a uniform police system.
The maintenance of law and order is the basic function and obligation of a state. Our welfare democracy enhanced the developmental activities of the government. But no developmental and welfare activity can be effectively undertaken unless the foundation of law and ....
