Case Studies

Answer : (a) Hints:

1. Drop the plan as it is not feasible
2. Start developing medicine. You can either seek government’s help in case of losses or else you can consider this venture as part of your corporate social responsibility.
3. Sell the original formulation to the government so that the government can get it developed through any other pharmaceutical company.

(b) Hints:

1. Drop the plan as it is not feasible.

• Pros: It will save time and amount to be incurred on the research and development.
• Cons: You are abdicating your responsibility towards the humanity by turning eyes blind towards the plight of the poor people dying of fatal liver disease. Company’s image may get tarnished.

2. Start developing medicine. You can either seek government’s help in case of losses or else you can consider as this venture part of your corporate social responsibility. Government help may come in the form of Joint venture with the Government, taxation and other financial rebates, etc.

• Pros: You are discharging your duty as prescribed under bio-ethics to protect lives. By innovating medicine you will get moral satisfaction. After all your veterinary medicine is already a big sell. So, loss generated from this venture can be trade off against the profit from that best selling medicine. Company’s societal image and public relations will be improved and will be beneficial for other ventures of the company.
• Cons: The company loses in terms of money and time. It takes a lot of time in developing a medicine through research and development. If the results are not favorable then entire time on research is wasted.

3. Sell the original formulation to the government so that the government can get it developed through any other pharmaceutical company.

• Pros: This will save the resources and will be seen as morally good as precious lives will be saved. Company’s image will be improved
• Cons: Other company that will be handed over this formulation may launch its veterinary medicine as well. The company may develop further this formulation and with modification can get it patented and launch it in the market. Therefore, it may become your competitor and grab your market share.

Answer : Hints: Citizen Charter: Transport Department (Office of District Transport Office ‘X’ District) Following services will be provided by the Transport office in a time-bound manner:

(1)Grant of New licenses for driving Two wheelers/4 wheelers/and Transport vehicles.

(2)Renewal/Duplicate issue of licenses for the aforesaid class of vehicles. The District Transport Office expresses its commitment to provide convenient, punctual, efficient, reliable grant of licenses to the applicants. The transport office has set out a deadline of 30 days regarding taking a decision on grant of licenses. For renewal/duplicate licenses, the deadline will be 10 days. The licenses will be granted by Assistant District Transport Officer. There will be a system of appeal before D.T.O. This can be preferred within one week of receipt of the order. A maximum time limit of 15 days has been fixed to decide upon the appeal. Every applicant will be given an identification number and the progress of his/her application can be checked up on the office website. A toll free helpline will also be introduced to help the applicant to know about the status of the application. After a period of six months evaluation of the work will be conducted through an independent evaluator and the services will be upgraded/ modified. The citizen’s charter makes a time bound commitment with mechanism for grievance redressal. It is expected that it will improve the working of transport office and reduce corruption.

Answer : Hints: This case study can be solved by testing your action on the basis of factors that determines the goodness or rightness of your actions i.e. your ethics, if you wish to help your friend or deny help.

Also morality of your actions can be solved by resolving the conflict between two ethical philosophies i.e. Hedonism and Deontology.

Determinant of morality in actions: It discusses to what extent you will be held responsible or culpable for your action of either helping your friend or denying him help for morally evaluating your actions you need to divide this account into following three parts:

(i)The object of the action: It means the essence of your action. This essence may be good or bad. In this case whether you are determined to help your friend or not.

(ii)Circumstances of actions: They refer to the time and place of action, to the agent carrying out the action and to the manner of doing act. The rightness or wrongness of actions depends not on physical but moral circumstances. In your case examination hall will be the place, your are the agent, and manner is that either you are showing your sheet to your friend or your are verbally answering him.

(iii)Purpose of action: The end result is the purpose of your action. In this case, if you chose to help your friend than your purpose is to help him to pass this exam.

Consequences of your actions: Your actions may have both the good as well bad consequences. And before taking your action you must think on its consequence as well. Your decision to help your friend will of course enable him to pass this exam but at the expense of the insult that you will afflict on those who have studied hard to pass this exam. So in a way you are doing injustice with other fellow students as well.

Then you may also apply hedonistic principle while considering deontological principle as well.

Hedonism: It is a school of thought that argues that pleasure is the primary or most important intrinsic good. A hedonist strives to maximize net pleasure.

Deontology: argues that it is not the consequence of actions that makes them right or wrong but the motives of the person who carries out the action. In simple words an action must be intrinsically good.

Answer : Hints:

(a)This is a case of dereliction of duty. Now two things can be done one on teaching front and second is action. Firstly, there may be sessions in which you will address your colleagues to discharge their duties. You will remind them of their responsibility in maintain law and order thus assuring protection of the citizens. You will remind of them their oath at the time of induction into the services. Secondly, even if there remain some deaf ears still showcasing adamant attitude, then you may resort to disciplinary and departmental actions available to you. This will set an example for others.

(b)Yes it is not only a law and order situation but an attitudinal problem. Counseling and punishment are the two methods that can be adopted to change their attitude.

Answer : Do you agree with his views? If yes, explain. If not, how will you counter him? Critically comment.

Hints: Firstly, Right to freedom of religion is guaranteed under the Constitution of India. In addition to this our constitution also says that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to respect by the constitution and its ideals i.e. secularism, to promote harmony and the spirit of brotherhood amongst all people of India transcending religion. So if your friend is sticking to his argument desiring the conversion of all minorities then his not abiding by the principles enshrined in our constitution.

Secondly, it shows the attitude of your towards minorities which needs to be changed.

Thirdly, argument based on Indian philosophy of Unity in diversity can be advanced to counter him.

Fourthly, India’s history of peaceful coexistence can be produced to counter him

Answer : Hints:

(a)The case involves ethical issues such as moral dilemma whether to help your friend or to stand by an unknown victimized girl. This case also relates to the dignity and respect of women. Apart from this your friend must exhibit empathy and sensitiveness towards women. On your part the case demands non-partisanship, listening to your voice of conscience.

So you may present an example to uphold morality and ethics by standing with the girl, this is more important than relationship.

(b)In this situation one may opt to do following things:

(i) I will not flee from the place because it will only complicate the situation. For the reason the girls will complaint to police about my friend along with my motorcycle details which will make me accuse as well. Secondly, it will be considered as a coward and a shameful act. Thirdly if we ran away, girls will definitely complaint and in that case my friend’s future prospects for a dignified life may be ruined.

(ii) After this you will take your friend to the girl and ask him to tender unconditional apology and if the need arise you may also tender your apology to the girl on behalf of your friend. After that you may request the girls to forgive your friend with an assurance that such thing will never happen again.

(iii) And lastly you may take your friend away from the public place and there you can reprimand him for his mistake.

Answer : Both as a father and as a patriotic citizen, what are the available options with you? Evaluate each of the options and explain your course of action.

Hints: This case study highlights a conflict between a personal life and a social life. Being a father you want your child to be back and live with you, but as a responsible patriotic citizen of the Nation, you see your child as a perpetrator a criminal who must be brought to the books of justice for his acts. You may adopt one of the following two courses of action:

1.As a father: you may counsel your child and ask him to stop all his activities.

Evaluation: this action although may bring back your child to the correct path but it is doubtful how long will he escape the scrutiny of security establishment. Secondly if these security agencies caught him later then punishment will be harsher and there won’t remain any scope of gentleness in treatment with him, thus lesser scope of rehabilitation. Thirdly, it may also be the case that your child may not listen to you owing to his own compulsions like he is being entrapped into the web of these anti-national organizations.

2.As a citizen: you may hand over your child to the security agencies, so that he can co-operate with them by disclosing all the relevant information he has collated.

My course of action: Would be to hand over child to security agency for reasons stated above.

Answer : You get a call from the State Health Minister asking you to prepare a report blaming the deaths on contaminated medicines and to conclude that doctors or the government had no role in this tragedy. Even doctors lobby from all PHCs contact you and request you to prepare a false report to save them and their families. If you reveal the truth, all blame would be put on you and you will have to bear the burden of all mistakes.

(a) Examine the ethical issues involved in the above case.

(b) What course of action will you take in this situation? Explore your options and explain which option you will choose and why.

Hint: (a) In this situation some ethical issues involved are (list is not exhaustive). This case can also be decided on the basis of violation of medical ethics.

i. Medical ethics at stake in this case: Medical ethics is a system of moral principles that apply values and judgments to the practice of medicine. As a scholarly discipline, medical ethics encompasses its practical application in clinical settings as well as work on its history, philosophy, and sociology.

A common framework used in the analysis of medical ethics is the “four principles” approach postulated by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress in their textbook Principles of biomedical ethics. It recognizes four basic moral principles, which are to be judged and weighed against each other, with attention given to the scope of their application. The four principles are

• Respect for autonomy-the patient has the right to refuse or choose their treatment
• Beneficence- a practitioner should act in the best interest of the patient
• Non-maleficence - “first, do no harm”
• Justice- concerns the distribution of scarce health resources, and the decision of who gets what treatment (fairness and equiality)

ii. Medical negligence during discharging duty: by the medical fraternity which have compromised their medical (Hippocratic) oath

iii. Conflict of interest: medical fraternity and politicians interest Vs patients interests

iv. Insensitivity and lack of compassion and sympathy: towards the patients died and their bereaved family manifested in their shameless behavior of protecting themselves only.

v. The negligence of the medical fraternity have also abrogated the right to life of the patients

(b) Available options:

i. Disclosure of true information: By disclosing the information, reality will be known to all concerned viz. family, other patients and the public at large. This will make people aware about sub standard practices in the and it will lead to criticism. Consequently improvement will be done for future

But for you as a doctor it will be setback as it may take away your job, status, respect and may ruin you financially as well as emotionally

ii. Non disclosure of true information

• Will deprives the family form adequate compensation and the culprits will go unpunished and the reality will never come for public scrutiny
• False report above all will not be good morally

Answer : What values are involved in the above situation? Discuss. What should be your course of action based on the above values?

Hints: This case involves multiple issues. First it involves ethical dilemma in public institution arising from conflict of interests. Secondly your acceptance of the offer may lead to corruption. Thirdly this case is an intermixing of your personal life with public life.

Now to test your action you may testify them on determinants of Morality in your action i.e. object, purpose and circumstance of actions.

Secondly you must keep in your mind while deciding this case that saving the life of your child is your prime responsibility but not at the expanse of abandoning integrity and honesty.

So the possible solutions to this problem are:

1. You can borrow the money from your friend or seek loan from the bank (if possible and time permits)
2. You may seek help from the government or the NGO’s working in this field
3. If all options get exhausted than you may ask for a loan from the doctor who offered you the bribe with a promise to return it back. But without helping him in his illegal activity. (this option is likely to be theoretical and may not be very simple)

Answer : Hints: (a) Ethical issues involved in this case are:

i.Clash of personal views over professionalism: your senior may have some reservations regarding women’s staying late in the night in office for work but his personal views should not prevent him from discharging neither his duties nor others.

ii.Second issue involved is the modesty of women and justice to the victim: because justice delayed is justice denied

iii.Third ethical issue involved is if this culprit went unpunished then there remains every possibility that other asocial elements may get encouraged for repeated this crime. So it’s not about this victim or this culprit only but it is about society at large. So investigation and justice is must in this case.

(b)Only possibly course of action is to investigate the case with integrity and honesty, without paying heed to the advice of your senior. Even if your senior comes in way, you have the option to go higher in the hierarchy to complaint about your senior. This will bring justice and some sort of relieve to the victim.

Answer : Hints: (a) The use of reward and punishment for keeping surroundings clean or dirty is a commendable action in a sense that shows the enthusiasm of the government as far as Swachh Bharat Mission is concerned. Although rewards motivate people to act more passionately and dedication for making environment clean. Besides the recognized person this will motivate others as well to get recognized. But the punishments in the form of shaming publicly may act as deterrent for some time but once a person is condemned publicly, than in every likelihood he may not get reformed and contribute to the cause for environment cleaning. This will defy the basic premise upon which theory of punishment are based. These premises are deterrent theory which aims at abstinence from doing environment dirty, preventive theory which aims at keeping the offender away from the situation/society, here the person is only condemned publicly but not kept out of the society. And the last one is reformative theory the objective of which is to reform the behavior of the criminal.

• Instead of punishing publicly government may resort to other forms of punishment such as imposing fines etc which will prevent person from dirtying environment without inflicting insult.

(b) Seeking to provide legal backing to Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s pet ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’, the government is drafting a law under which municipalities can punish those found spitting, urinating and throwing garbage in public places.

• The legislative department of the Law Ministry is finalising a ‘model’ law which can be adopted by states as per their local requirements. The decision to draft a model bill was taken after the legal affairs department of the Law Ministry said a central law on the subject would be difficult to implement. “The Constitution has put sanitation and related issues in the state list. Therefore, there cannot be a central law. But cleanliness goes beyond a state’s boundary. Thus, government plans a model law which can be adopted by states and modified as per their requirements,” said a senior official.
• Government is of the view that self-regulation is not sufficient and a law to enforce the cleanliness drive will help the purpose. Issues like punishment, fine and enforcement of the law are being worked out on the lines of traffic challan s so that the violators can be booked on the spot. To avoid overlapping, the new law will be interwoven with existing rules in related sectors to make judicial approach to check practice of creating unhygienic atmosphere comprehensive and effective. The official pointed out that swine flu outbreak in a particular area affects the entire country; therefore, cleanliness cannot be termed as a local issue. At a review meeting recently, the PMO had expressed desire that laws governing cleanliness be examined so a comprehensive Act can be brought. In the past, various Central ministries have framed model bills for states to follow. These included a bill on flood zone planning.
• The Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014 was notified in March last year. It provides for protection of livelihoods right, social security of street vendors and regulation of urban street vending in the country. To implement the law at the grassroots level, setting up town vending committees in each local authority was proposed. Though street vending is a local issue, Parliament had enacted the law in the interest of street vendors and people at large, the official pointed out.
• Prime Minister Modi had picked a broom and swept the streets of the capital on October 2, launching a nationwide campaign to raise awareness about cleanliness and better sanitation. The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was launched on Mahatma Gandhi’s birth anniversary to inform people about the link between sanitation and public health.

Answer : Police is the primary agency to maintain law and order. It has the duty to ensure that rule of law and those responsible for its violation should be brought in the court of law. In this light, it can be clearly argued that the first and foremost role of policing is to work of a crime-free society where everyone can leave with peace and harmony.

In this light, it is clear that it is the duty of Mr. X to take the issue seriously and work for the resolution of the problems faced by the shopkeepers. So it needless to say that he can’t let the issue unnoticed and wait for shopkeepers to reach him with the complain. But the problem faced by him is that shopkeepers are unwilling to register the case and any suo-moto interference without any evidence can invite disciplinary actions against Mr. X. Besides, his conduct can be questioned which may affect his service records. Moreover, he would also face political hurdles as the goon enjoys the support of an influential politician belonging to the ruling party. Under these circumstances, the following course of action can be best suited to Mr. X:

• As an immediate step, Mr. X should deploy some police officers in the area to verify the truth of the fact, as taking any action without adequate knowledge would be against the rule of law.
• Once verified, Mr. X should meet with the Representatives of Association of Shopkeepers in that area and assure them that police is for their protection only. If possible he should try to talk with the shopkeepers directly, through the association.
• The role of association is important here, because the case highlights that shopkeeper lacks faith in police and any attempt of direct talk may result in the failure.
• As the politician from the ruling party is involved, Mr. X should also convey the case to his superiors and take their advice on the matter that how they had dealt such cases, if any, in the past.
• The key in solving the issue lies in persuasion of shopkeepers to register the complaint against the good, without any fear. However Mr. X is unable to do this, he should try to collect the evidence with the help of some of the local persons (not shopkeepers).
• He may seek help from media but this should be done with utmost care as it may impact the image of the politician and hence the party in power. Any such attempt, without adequate evidence is detrimental to the service record of Mr. X.
• Once the evidence is gathered he should take strict action against the goon by arresting him without fear or favour. This would establish a good reputation of police among public.
• In the long term, Mr. X should also work to enhance the police public relations, citing the prevailing situation. A good public-police relation is key to crime-free society and effective policing.

Answer : A village headman is a public authority. He has a dual role to play. He has to uphold the social customs of the village community and at the same time he has to ensure that the custom of the village should not be in contravention of the rule of law. In this sense, he acts as a link between village and State authorities. In this light, it can be clearly argues that first and foremost duty of Village headman is to secure the life of couple and provide them safe environment in village with proper dignity. He also has to ensure that, on account of this, no caste related tensions takes place. For this, he can go for following courses of action:

• As a first step he should call the meeting of Panchayat members along with some reputed village elders if any, discuss the issue with them and try to take them in confidence for acceptance of the couple.
• Along with members, he should decide the date to convene village assembly, where he would discuss the matter among members of village community.
• Citing the possibility of occurrence of caste related tensions, before convening the assembly, he should meet with the concerned District Collector and narrate him the entire issue. He should then ask for deployment of police force on the date of convening of assembly.
• This is necessary in order to ensure that village assembly should be convened peacefully irrespective of the final decisions taken.
• He should also ask the Collector to provide adequate security to the couple as the village has witnessed man instances of honour killings.
• He should also seek the help of local NGO, who is actively involved in the development of village and has a good reputation among members of village community. This would make it easier for him to convince the village members regarding acceptance of couple.
• Mere asking the couples to leave the village would not solve the core problem as the case may get repeated in the future. Moreover, even if the couple leaves the village, possibilities of caste related tension would prevail in the village.

That said, constitution of India guarantees liberty and equality to citizens. Putting restriction of the private decisions in the name of social customs amounts to violation of the rights conferred by the constitution. As pointed out by the Supreme Court of India, in the absence of liberty, democracy would fail to realize its true meaning.

Answer : Honesty and integrity on the part for public servant are two important pillars of efficient governance. As the accident that took place caused the loss of public life, it is needed to be taken as the top priority to bring the person responsible for it, in the court of enquiry. However, undue influence from various sources deters a public servant to deal with the issue effectively.

The ethical dilemma faced by the Divisional Engineer (DE), in the given case, presents the example of above explained fact. As per the Indian Railway Act 1989 and the rules formulated by Indian Railways, a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM) heads a division and is appointed for three years. Each division comes under a zone and DRM of different divisions report to their respective zones. A zone is headed by General Manager (GM). Hence GM of a Railway Zone occupies a crucial administrative position. Under these circumstances an unfavourable report by the GM may inhibit the appointment of a person as DRM. If the Divisional Engineer gives correct report it would invite departmental or legal action against Mr. A, which would put him in the bad book of GM. On the other hand, if he manipulates the report, he may get benefits and rewards related to his career, but he, by doing so, is making a compromise with core values of public service. Under this circumstance he can exercise following option:

As a first step DE should politely convey his inability to follow the order of GM. As the matter pertains to life of people, manipulation of report would not solve the problem. He should explain the GM that if the responsible person is not punished, it would set a bad precedent and may lead to more accidents in future.

• At the same time, DE should remain committed to his duty and must prepare correct and fair report, irrespective of any outside influence.
• The Railway Board Act 1905 provides for the Railway Board, which stands at the apex of Railway administration in India. It is headed by Chairman, Railway Board. GMs of all the zones report to the Railway Board, which controls and coordinate their function by ensuring that they should work in public interest.
• As the second step DE should inform about the incident and undue pressure he is getting from GM regarding manipulation of reports, to the Railway Board. This would provide an edge to him in his appointment as DRM, even if GM gives an adverse report.
• Third step by DE should be to give adequate opportunity to Mr. A for making statement in his defence. Before recommending any departmental enquiry, the reason for the negligence caused by Mr. A must be known. This would be in consonance of the principle of Natural Justice which is enshrined as a basic feature in our constitution.

Answer : A Public Information Officer (PIO), appointed under Right to Information Act 2005, is a first and foremost entity in the chain of information dissemination. He plays a major role in ensuring the effective working of RTI by ensuring that true and proper information is reached to the person who sought the information. Duties of a PIO as mandated in RTI Act 2005 are:

• PIO may seek the assistance of any other officer for the proper discharge of his/her duties.
• PIO, on receipt of a request, shall as expeditiously as possible, and in any case within 30 days of the receipt of the request, either provide the information on payment of such fee as may be prescribed or reject the request for any of the reasons specified in Section 8 or Section 9 of the Act.
• Where the information requested for concerns the life or liberty of a person, the same shall be provided within forty-eight hours of the receipt of the request.
• If the PIO fails to give decision on the request within the period specified, he shall be deemed to have refused the request.
• PIO shall provide information in the form in which it is sought unless it would disproportionately divert the resources of the Public Authority or would be detrimental to the safety or preservation of the record in question.

From the aforesaid provision it is clear that, Mr. Y is bound to provide the information sought by the person. But then, the problem is that, by doing so he would invite the wrath of his seniors which may result in the hostile working environment for him. Moreover, he would also forgo the huge sum of money, which he actually need at that time on account of the critical condition of his father.

Answer : Sri S. R. Shankaran not only successfully implemented the Bonded Labour Abolition Act, but also ensured the necessary awareness among the poorer section of society by raising their voice effectively against the various discriminations they were facing. He also ensured that bonded labourers are properly rehabilitated and their children get sufficient facilities of schooling, etc. In lasting memories of his selfless service, people named their colonies, villages after him. Drawing parallel, sufficient steps could be taken like awareness generation through which members of SC/ST could be made aware about their rights. They could be persuaded to send their children to schools. Special steps could be taken to ensure that these marginalised sections of people live in hygienic conditions. Special schemes meant for their welfare should be implemented in the mission mode way.

• It should be ensured that provisions of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989 are implemented in letter and spirit. They should be provided with free legal aid and other protections as per Government laws and rules. It should also be looked into if any case of Human Right Violation comes into notice.

Answer : After completing some initial works like filing F.I.R., making elementary investigations, the police will produce the arrested accused in the appropriate Court and seek a police remand say of 4 days for interrogating the suspect.

• The local suspect will be asked in detail the sequence of events and his relation and role in terror related incident. He could be shown some video-footage; mobile details to make him clear that there are evidences which establish his role in the Crime.
• He will be next explained how some anti national external forces are determined to destablise our country. He will be shown some photographs of the incident to make him aware, the extent of damage including the loss of some innocent lives.
• The interrogating officers will use their skills to convince the suspect that it is in his best interest to reveal the entire plot and conspiracy and become an approver in the case. The Courts will definitely take a lenient view on his sentence.
• The interrogation and persuasion might continue for hours together to ensure that the accused comes out with the truth and becomes an approver.

Answer : Conflict management is a skill that Civil Servants must know. In any organisation, there are areas where functions overlap between two divisions. The best way of addressing these problems is to bring them into open and arrange discussions between the concerned people to iron-out the difference.

• In the instant case X will call both Y and Z, may be over a cup of tea. He will explain the importance of water-supply scheme. It will also be explained to them that their personal differences will be bringing disrepute to the organization and ultimately people will suffer.
• Z will be given the opportunity to explain also what are his expectations from Y. Z will make clear and might make a check list so as to follow the financial pre-requisite before any project is brought for financial concurrence by Y.
• Y can use the opportunity to list out his priorities and about pending matters with finance wing. X will suggest both ‘Z and Y’ to have more frequent meetings so as to iron out the differences between them.

Answer : (A) The government has formulated Civil Services Conduct Rules to bring integrity in the government employees. Besides, it is also expected that office head will also ensure absolute integrity and devotion to duty in his subordinates.

• The civil servant could organize seminar or workshop to make his workforce aware about importance of integrity and various provisions of Civil Services (Conduct) Rules. In spite of the best efforts of the civil servant if some of the subordinates still indulge into unwarranted activities, then in selected cases disciplinary proceeding could be initiated for punishment.

(B) Old age pension is a social security measure with a well laid mechanism of sanction and distribution. Hence the first step the civil servant should take is to eliminate whatever discretion is left.

• Most of the work should be computerised to eliminate the manual involvement. The Civil Servant can think of opening of bank accounts of individual beneficiaries and disbursement of pension amount by transferring the money straight to his/her account.
• The Civil Servant could organise events like Pension Darbar once in a month for redressing the grievances of pensioners.

(C) Distribution/sale of food grains takes place through Public Distribution System which might be in a very bad condition. The civil servant can give a patient hearing to beneficiaries and thereafter could inspect few PDS Shops in order to have firsthand experience. If needed be can cancel some of the license of PDS Shops if large scale irregularities are noticed. If cases of black marketing or burgling are noticed, criminal cases Under Essential Commodities Act may be instituted. Both Union Government and State Government have issued guidelines for revamping the PDS. The Civil Servant will ensure that actions are taken to comply the instruction. Some important measures like Vigilance Committees for every PDS Shop can be of great help.

(D) Under Centrally sponsored schemes, Union Government has started various poverty alleviation programmes. The purpose of the schemes is to help the rural poor especially people below poverty line (BPL).

• Through extensive tour of the rural areas, the Civil Servant will know about ground realities. He can attend some meetings of ‘Panchayats’ and ‘Gram Sabha’ and bring the attention of elected members about the state of affairs.
• The Civil Servant could personally meet various stakeholders, including people below poverty line, bank officials and state government officials to bring better understanding and Synergy. He will also apprise senior district officials about gravity of the situation.

(E) The civil servant may closely watch the activities of the ruling party members, which might include some elected Panchayat members and MLAs.

• The rural development department official will be instructed to strictly go by rules and regulation and it could be pointed out that there are several cases of discrimination. If needed the Civil Servant will raise the issue in other forums.
• The poor people could also be made aware about their rights and privileges. Some positive intervention could also be done by the Civil Servant in this regard.

Answer : Increasing number of Companies is now realizing that they need to be good neighbours for the community where they are located. It is expected that the management of the unit will initiate following actions to take some social responsibility. The unit can conduct programmes like adult literacy, primary education, family planning, health care for the poor tribal village communities located around the unit. It can also set up an Adivasi centre for culture and sports to preserve the traditional culture of tribal people. It can also establish education institutions for girl child. The unit could participate in some training activities through which some income generation to tribals could be ensured.

Answer : (a) X and Y could be called in and explained that their conduct is unbecoming. They could be shifted to some insignificant assignment and if still they continue to behave and conduct themselves as before, a suitable explanation should be sought from them.

• On the basis of explanation, if it is found to be unsatisfactory, charges could be framed against them and proceedings could be drawn against them for violation of the conduct rules.
• Other staff members could be told about that if they do not conduct themselves properly, similar action will follow them.

(b) For bringing transparency following steps will be taken.

• Steps will be taken to computerize all important records and to put them in public domain by uploading on the office website.
• As per section 4(b) of the RTI Act, 2005, all the 17 manuals to be prepared and uploaded on the office website and also hard copies made available in the office for public inspection.
• Public could also be made aware of the office functioning through reporting on notice boards, newspapers, public announcements and creating facilities for inspection, etc.
• Appointing PIO and APIO so that these officials could help the people in seeking informations which have not been proactively published.
• Taking interest in awareness generation among the people in general and marginalised section in particular regarding their rights under the RTI ACT, 2005.
• Regularly attending the ‘Panchayat’ and ‘Gram Sabha’ meetings.

(c) Caste certificates and income certificates, Residential certificates are regulatory functions of a civil servant working at a block level for which process and criteria has been laid down by the state government.

• Requisite format and guide should be well disseminated so that the applicant do not commit procedural mistakes. If possible filing on line application could also be assured.
• A time limit for issuance of such certificates could be fixed and everybody made aware. The subordinates could be made accountable if they exceed the time limit, if the application has to be rejected then reasons for such rejection should also be communicated along with.

(d) Following steps need to be taken:

• As far as possible manual work should be replaced by computerization.
• For every service, time bound commitment could be made. If possible citizen charters could be made for PDS, Issuance of certificates, etc.
• Transparancy in the working could be ensured. People should be encouraged to use RTI Act, 2005
• Active help of Panchayati Raj Institutions could be taken for Rural development schemes, Agriculture and PDS related work.
• Strict enforcement of Conduct rules should be made. A zero tolerance against corruption should be displayed by taking help of anti corruption mechanism.
• A complaints cum suggestion box should be installed and daily opened by BDO- Necessary feedback be given to people regarding action taken on their complaint/suggestions.

Answer : It is clear that the conduct of the employee is unbecoming of a government servant and has also violated Rule 22 of C.C.S. (Conduct Rules 1964). Hence it is a fit case of starting departmental enquiry against him and framing charges.

• The concerned employee should be medically examined by a doctor. Necessary evidence should be collected against him by recording the statements of the employees who have seen the incident. If the charges are grave the employee could be also suspended
• An enquiry officer should be appointed under CCS (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules 1965 and the concerned employee should be proceeded against.
• Since the employee has also abused and assaulted another officer, a FIR should be drawn against him and should be handed over to police for further necessary action. Based upon the enquiry, the appointing authority should take necessary steps of punishing the said employee.

Answer : Since the civil servant has been arrested in connection with a corruption related case, where some politicians and leading businessmen are also co-accused, CBI will take extreme care to ensure that accused do not get any undue benefit because of the lacunae in the case. Hence they will prefer a watertight case. They will like to persuade the civil servant to reveal the truth and become a CBI witness.

• CBI may prefer to move the court for a 3 day remand to interrogate the civil servant and proceed in the following manner (step by step). The civil servant will be shown some of the documents which establish his connivance in corruption. Some arguments and counter arguments can also be made. He will be told about the glorious traditions of the civil services and how his action has brought disrepute to the service. The investigating officer will be using his best of the communication skills to corner the civil servant so that he could reveal the truth. He will also be told that if he reveals the entire story he may receive a lighter punishment. In the end the CBI may adopt coercive techniques like uninterrupted interrogations to break the confidence of the civil servant.

Answer : Immediate steps would be taken to remove the element of fear from the minds of the children. Steps would be taken to locate if any close relation comes forward to take charge of the crisis. Otherwise local NGO’s help will be taken to normalise the situation, including the immediate necessity of food and shelter. Services of the local officials will also be taken in this regard.

• Proper care and education of children will be the first major task. If there is a residential school in the district, necessary steps would be taken to ensure that children are admitted there. The compensation money will be deposited by opening a bank account in the name of the children and gradual withdrawal mechanism will be introduced. The villagers will be motivated to take care of the children.

Answer : Through a public address system (which is always available with the security forces), appeal will be made to terrorists that they have been surrounded from all sides and should surrender. In the meantime steps will be taken to evacuate the occupants of the adjoining houses. People will be assured for their safety, especially women, children and older people. Till the people are properly evacuated and taken away to safe places, the security forces will be directed to be defensive. For the safety of the people even ‘safe passage’ could be negotiated with the terrorists. Those who would be injured must receive the highest priority for medical and first-aid.

• If the terrorists do not surrender or do not escape, then some swift Commando operation could be thought out, by which some trained commandos can enter the house by breaking it and capture the terrorists.

Answer : A foreign MNC has won a bid to mine in a tribal dominated hilly region in India. In order to mine, the MNC would have to clear forests and abolish a sacred religious temple of the tribal communities at the hill top. Company has already invested lakhs of crores in the Project. But, when it decided to start the project, it faced mass agitation from the tribal communities throughout the region. It approached the Ministry, which assured MNC that project would be started soon. You are the DM of that region. You have received call from the ministry emphasizing on the need to start the project at the earliest and you are assured that you would be provided with all the administrative help, such as police force, money etc. The MNC also approached you for help and assured you that the displaced tribal persons would get required allocated benefits and jobs in the company. Along with this, he told you about the futuristic development plans of the region associated with the project. He asked you to expedite the process otherwise there would be huge loss to the company as well as for the region.

(a) Facts available in the case

1. I am posted as a DM in a tribal dominated area, where an MNC has won a bid to mine in that area. Company has invested huge amount of money.
2. A sacred religious temple and forest have to be cleared, due to which tribals are agitating.
3. I am given all the administrative help by the ministry to support mining.

Values Involved: Loyalty towards the state, compassionate behaviour towards the tribals, Religious rights of tribals, commercial rights of the company, objectivity in terms of expediting the process, credibility of the Govt.

Options available

1. I may allow the company to mine by persuading the tribal (Refer fact 1 &3)
2. I may not allow the company to mine in that area (Refer fact 2)
3. I may allow the company, along with convincing the company to not mine in temple’s area (Refer fact 1&2)
4. I may refer back to the Government and wait for the decision. (Refer fact 2)

(b) Evaluation of the options

• Option 1: I may allow the mining since this is legally compliant and the Government has asked me to expedite the process. This will ensure objectivity and prove my loyalty towards the Government however, removal of temple, undermines ‘religious rights’ of tribals. It may create an atmosphere of hostility which will not be beneficial both for MNC and Govt. in future.
• Option 2: I may not allow the company to mine as being a public servant; I should be compassionate towards the weaker section. However, cancellation will bring losses to MNC, which will hamper business environment of the state. It may lead to future litigation in courts, undermining the credibility of the state.
• Option 3: I may allow the company, however will declare temple area as ‘No-Mine area’. This may ideally balance the religious rights of tribals along with business rights of the company. The co-operation of locals may go a long way in expedition of the project, enhancing objectivity and credibility of the Govt. machinery.
• Option 4: I may inform the Govt. of the grievances of tribals that will show my compassionate behaviour towards the tribal. However the Govt. may have already accounted for it and has asked to expedite the project. This may lead to perception of me being incapable and not loyal to the Govt.

(c) Value based factors: Religious Rights of Tribal People, Compassionate behaviour towards weaker section, loyalty towards the state, credibility of the state.

• Administrative factors: Environmental and Forest protection, persuasion of the tribal people, negotiation with the company, efficiency of the Govt. machinery, Business environment of the state.
• Social factors: welfare of the tribal population, Employment creation, condition of the tribal population.

Answer : (a) Facts available in the case:

1. Mr. X is founder of the company.
2. Mr. X was involved in deceiving the public by showing false inflated profits by manipulating company’s accounts.
3. He was concealing company’s debts and losses
4. He revealed bankruptcy at last moment and thus left all the losses to be borne by the investors.

Values involved:

1. Integrity of Mr. X
2. Transparency of the process
3. Accountability towards the stakeholders
4. Reporting of the account.

Corporate governance is defined as the process through which a company is related with the stakeholders. Mr. X being the founder of the company (fact i) has the biggest responsibility to share information with stakeholders in order to maintain reputation in the market and get loans. Facts at ii, iii and iv would lead to erosion of confidence and trust of the public. Lack of accountability and transparency in the case would lead to falsification of profits by maligning of account books. All these question the key concepts of corporate governance, such as-accountability, transparency, and protection of stakeholders’ interests, stakeholders’ right to be informed and integrity.

In such situation, corporate governance based on the underpinning of stakeholders’ and investors’ interests comes into consideration. Corporate governance includes the processes through which corporations’ objectives are set and pursued in the context of the social, regulatory and market environment. Steps such as, monitoring of the actions, policies and decisions of corporations and their agents might have ensured proper implementation of provisions of corporate governance. In this case, corporate governance may ensure justice for the investors by proper distribution of profits among all stakeholders. Corporate governance if implemented in the above case, have led to proper monitoring of records and timely revelation of bankruptcy.

(b) i. I may form an internal auditing team consisting of professionals, who have knowledge of accounting systems.

ii.I along with my team may enquire all the employees and related departments individually by looking into proper asset – liability match in the balance sheet and check for compliance of balance sheet with annual profit and loss statements.

• We may do the audit with the help of vouchers, documents, information and explanations received from various authorities. In case of any need, we might hire or take helps from chartered accountants.

iii.We may prepare a report based on the findings, which will be submitted to the external auditing agency.

iv.We may arrange a meeting of all the stakeholders of the company and lay the report in the meeting.

(c) Following factors should be considered:

1. Malpractices going on in the company – showing false profits, manipulating account books.
2. Reporting of the account books.
3. Information gathered though enquiry of Mr. X and other employees.
4. Past records.
5. Deviation from compliance of corporate governance.
6. Integrity of the CEO.
7. Periodicity of information sharing with the stakeholders.

Answer : (a) In order to implement the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC), raising awareness among the rural people and breaking their orthodox belief is very important in achieving TSC in such districts.

• As a SDM, It is important to raise awareness programme through community meeting with the help of medical practitioner to highlight the issues involved in the open defecation and health hazards rise out of it. At the same time, make them feel that such campaign is provided by government to benefit all section of society, especially women and girl Child who are badly affected more by open defecation, also highlighting the benefits of the campaign to ensure them it is not against their belief rather it is beneficiary for all of them in the districts.
• Such awareness can also be increased using local community radio campaign, notices highlighting importance of TSC and in School raising awareness programme among children to break their orthodox belief and understand the need of Total sanitation programme.

(b) Once awareness of sanitation campaign is raised and rural people are ready to accept such schemes, then it is necessary to implement in proper manner.

• In implementation of TSC, Funds should be properly distributed for the construction of latrines in the households and households should be chose for building latrines. In order for better implementation of this scheme other than government agencies other stakeholders like NGOs, Panchayati Raj Institutions and other research organizations resource can be used for better implementation of the scheme.
• And as a SDM, It is necessary to monitor the implementation of Total sanitation scheme in the district with periodic review and updation of the ongoing TSC in the district.

Answer : Option 1: Accept MLA’s request and file false report

• This option is not an ethically and morally right option, as a government servant on should have high integrity and perseverance to ensure neutrality and good faith among masses. Since huge funds of MGNREGA are misused it affects the welfare scheme of government. Filing false report because of threat perception it shows one lacks courage in handling problems.

Option 2: Accept the bribe to ensure safety of life

• This option is against civil service values, as a bureaucrat one should not involve in corrupt practices and that too for saving life is not a viable option. To save life, Civil servant can request government to provide extra security personnel but not by way of accepting bribe.

Option 3: Enquire the matter and submit the report

• Since government has appointed me for the purpose of enquiring the MGNREGA fund scam, it is my duty to enquire properly all persons who involved in scam and submit the report to state government to take action against the persons who involved in the scam based on the submitted report.

Option 4: Request government to send some other authority to enquiry

• Skipping the role of responsibility is not a right human value, as a responsible person one should not shy away from his role and request other to take responsibility because of threat and other reasons. Such kind of act shows one doesn’t have enough courage to face the problems before him.

Option 5: Leave the job

• This is not a right option, as a bureaucrat there is present problem in day-to-day life, quitting the job is not a right attitude and shows one lack confidence in tackling the problems and circumstances.

Answer : Recently, another issue has been emerged. Because of unexpected political circumstances, the defence minister now wants to scrap the deal. From your experience, you know that the present controversy is temporary and somehow the deal will be inked later. You, who have few months of service left, are in a dilemma. The deal, if signed, doesn’t harm anyone’s interests. The equipments are of world class and are sure to add value to the country’s defence arsenal. You are arranging for your daughter’s marriage, for which you need money. The person from the company who is in touch with you comes to know about this and in one of meetings, he offers you a very costly gift for your daughter’s marriage — provided you speed up the finalization of the deal. He insists that this gift should not be wrongly interpreted as bribe. Also, you are in apprehension that the deal may not be inked before your retirement.

Answer:- (a) Available facts:

1. I am an additional secretary, known for my integrity and have discretion in the current case.
2. Defence minister has asked me to scrap the deal due to some unexpected circumstances.
3. I know the controversy is temporary and will pass soon.
4. The equipments are of good quality.
5. The supplier has offered costly gift for my daughter’s marriage.

Concerned Values:

1. Integrity
2. Accountability
3. Loyalty towards the state
4. Emotional conflict between daughter’s wedding vs trust of the defence minister
5. Political morality

Following are the options available with me:

1. I speed up the agreement by explaining the benefits of the deal to the defence minister; get it signed and accept the gift. (Facts 2, 3 and 4)
2. I get the agreement signed by explaining the benefits of the deal to the defence minister but don’t accept the gift. (Facts 1 and 4)
3. I explain to the supplier that the deal could not be concluded hastily because of a temporary demand of scrapping the deal. And accept the gift assuring him for his recommendation in future. (Facts 2, 3 and 5)
4. I explain to the supplier that the deal could not be concluded hastily because of a temporary demand of scrapping the deal. I will not accept the gift. (Facts 1 and 3)
5. I scrap the deal and will not accept the gift. In future, I will make sure, that this particular supplier may not get the contract as he has tried to bribe me. (Facts 2 and 5)

Answer:- (b) Ethical dilemma arises when there are more than one correct ethical ways of doing a task exists. Following are some ethical dilemmas:

1. Self – accountability vs loyalty towards the government: although my experience allows me to finalize the deal as the equipments are of good quality, yet the loyalty towards the government and state forbids me in doing so.
2. Integrity vs political morality: my integrity may allow me to speed up the process as sooner the country gets world quality arsenals, better the results would be, but my political morality and subservience towards the political arena prohibits me in doing so.
3. Integrity vs emotional quotient: the costly gift may not be considered as an attempt to bribe as it was offered because of my past records.

Cognitive dissonance arises due to conflict or disharmony between the attitude and behaviour.

1. My attitude prevents me from accepting the gift, but my emotional quotient may influence me to accept it.
2. My attitude forces me to expedite the process of finalization of the deal, but my behaviour prohibits this as ordered by the defence minister and also as I am soon going to retire and the deal may not get signed during my job tenure.

Answer:- (c)

1. I may explain the benefits of early conclusion of the deal to the defence minister by telling him all the positive aspects of the deal, such as - the arsenals are of world class quality and it would add value to the country’s defence arsenal.
2. I may show the cost – benefit analysis of the deal through a small presentation to persuade the defence minister.
3. I may expedite the finalization of deal and get it signed soon.
4. I will not accept gift from the supplier.

Answer : (a) As part of social responsibility constructing houses for homeless is a good initiative but that should not affect the business environment.

• In business ethics, it is important to maintain a high standard among all stakeholders involved in the organization because of implementing social programme company cannot compromise its profit, in business their prime role is to increase and run successful organization.
• As a GM of the company, increasing the price of product and decreasing the wage of employees is not ethically correct measure. Since, Social responsibility is done on voluntary basis by company to give back to society, it is not their primary role. Their primary role is to run a profitable company and benefit all stakeholders involved in business circle.
• So, as a GM, either I may drop the scheme for temporary period and may implement in later period or review the scheme based on the current profit level to reach the beneficiary as much as possible.

(b) As a company their prime motto is running a successful organization and share benefit among various stakeholders involved in the company.

• In the above situation, Company can maintain balance between interest of various groups by showing its prime interest is to run a successful organization and make profitable by his decision taken on the initiative and corresponding steps taken by company in ensuring that its decision is not against their stakeholders.
• As a company, its functions for welfare of the oraganisation, though welfare of society is part of the organizational responsibility but their major role is profitable business.
• In the following questions, carefully study the cases presented and then answer the questions that follow:

Answer : (a) Facts:

1. Government launched massive dam project due to power crisis in region.
2. People unwilling to move because of less compensation and demanded resettlement and rehabilitation before displacement.
3. Reports supporting people’s contention.
4. I, as a civil servant, was told by seniors to persuade the people.

Associated values:

1. Integrity of the post.
2. Emotions of people.
3. Servility towards the state.
4. Compassion/Empathy for the people.
5. Right of the people

Available options:

1. I persuade the people, telling them the objectives of project and associated benefits (fact 1 and 4)
2. I persuade my seniors to arrange compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation before displacement (fact 1, 2)
3. I use coercive force to displace people and initiate the project. (fact 4).
4. I put forth a presentation based on actual facts and reports in forth of higher authorities for reconsideration. (Fact 1, 2 and 3)

(b) My cognition, as a civil servant, may say that I may not persuade the people with future hopes, which may or may not be realized. Being agreed with the people’s contention, I should refrain from putting sincere efforts in persuasion as that may snatch the ‘Right to Livelihood’ of the people.

• But my behavior should be in conformance with the order of seniors, that is I should put dedicated efforts to persuade people to agree with the proposals. This is associated with the ‘servility towards state’.
• This disharmony between cognition and behavior should be allayed either by changing attitude (cognition) or by behaviour. Here, as the behaviour is associated with loyalty towards the government, so it may not be changed. Thus attitude may be conditioned by observing/ discussion with seniors/higher authorities and putting forth genuine points. In case of non-acceptance, rationalizing behavior to present optimistic and genuine benefits in front of people may help in persuading then with little encroachment into their right. After persuasion I may do all efforts to assure proper compensation.

Answer : (a) Answer:

Facts available are

1. I am a SDM in a remote area, having very low literacy rate.
2. While being busy in an important work given by CM, I get disturbed by a loud noise of an old man
3. He enters into my chamber and wants to get some information.
4. Explaining to him by myself is time-consuming and subordinates were not able to clarify his doubts.

Associated values:

1. Emotions-like anger, irritation, sympathy.
2. Feeling of servitude towards the people.
3. Helpfulness.
4. Compassion.

Available options:

1. I continue doing my own work, overlooking old man (fact 2, 3).
2. I quickly attend the man, note down his issues and tell him to come next day (fact 2, 3 and 4).
3. I assign one of my best subordinate to explain the old man in a very lucid and simple way (fact 2 and 4).
4. I will explain the man and accomplish the file work by working extra during lunch-break and after working hours (fact 2, 4).

(b) Answer:

Option (i)

• Merit:I may be able to complete important work on time.
• Demerit: I may not be fulfilling values, such as, being compassionate, helpfulness and responsibility towards post.

Option (ii)

• Merit: I may be able to balance between work assigned by CM (Servility towards state and attending the old man (servility towards people.)
• Demerit: The old man needs to come again, which may be difficult for him.

Option (iii)

• Merit: I may be able to accomplish my duty towards the government by completing assigned work.
• Demerit: The old man may not get satisfactory explanation as already stated in case that subordinates already tried explaining to him several times.

Option (iv)

• Merit: I may be able to achieve both tasks of finishing file work and helping old man.
• Demerit: I have to work extra hours and during lunch break.

My course of action will be option (iv)

Course of action:

1. I control my anger and irritation and ask my subordinate about the reason for grievances of old man.
2. I call the old man and explain to him about the policy in a very simple and lucid way.
3. I will explain him till he is satisfied
4. I, then, again start doing my file work and in case, it could not get completed, I may stretch out myself by working extra hours to finish the work and then submit the file to CM.

Answer : (a) Facts:

1. Two patients- child and an old man – require urgent attention and neglect for even few minutes may endanger their lives.
2. I am the only doctor available.
3. Rest doctors are not picking phone.
4. I am a new doctor and naïve in this field.

Associated values:

1. Sense of responsibility towards the post.
2. Trust/faith of patients
3. Emotions for child
4. Respect for elder.
5. Integrity of the post.

Available Options:

1. I attend the child first and then old man (fact 1)
2. I attend the old man first and then child (fact 1)
3. I attend the child first and ask one staff to try on calling doctors and also tell nurse to provide necessary first aid helps to the old man till other doctor come (fact 1, 2, 3).
4. I attend both the cases with the available staff (facts 1, 2)

(b) Emotional Dilemma arises when conflicts between emotions take place. Emotions are always reactive in nature and they arise due to outside influences, such as love for child, respect for old man, sympathy towards them, etc.

Following are the emotional dilemma in this case-

(i) Love for child vs. Respect for old man

• Love for child and respect towards old man are in contradiction here as only one patient could be attended first, which can endanger life of other.

(ii) Responsibility vs. Anger

• Sense of responsibility to save both lives and anger due to non-availability of other doctors is another emotional dilemma as both lives could be saved if other doctors would be present.

(iii) Fear vs. Sense of Professionalism:

• I am a naïve and have never dealt such cases. This fear is in conflict with sense of professionalism of a doctor, whose foremost duty is to save patient’s life by putting all possible efforts.

Answer : (a) Facts:

1. Kanika is a new-lady officer transferred from HQ to field unit of dept. of disaster management, which is a male dominated sector.
2. I am the officer in charge of field unit.
3. State government is anxious to reduce gender gap/bias.
4. My employees are pressurizing me to use my connections to stop transfer.
5. They feel that rescue operation being a tough job, is not suitable for females.

Associated values:

1. Objectivity
2. Impartiality
3. Responsibility towards post
4. Loyalty towards state government
5. Affection towards fellow employees.
6. Courage to take challenge of taking women officer.

Available options:

1. I let the transfer and give Kanika proper work, which may not be too tough (fact 1, 3 and 5).
2. I use my connection to prevent transfer (facts 1, 2, 4).
3. I prepare a note indicating grievances of the employees and forward it to HQ (Fact 1, 2, 4 and 5).
4. I persuade people to welcome lady officers in the field unit by telling them stories of influential women personalities (fact 1, 2 and 3).

(b) Option 1:

• Merit: This shows my impartial, unbiased nature, free from prejudices and objectivity towards employees.
• Demerit: Other employees may feel offended and may agitate.

Options 2:

• Merit: This shows lack of courage in my attitude and lack of sense of equality/ impartiality towards employees.
• Demerit: I misuse my integrity and take decisions out of prejudices.

Option 3:

• Merit: This shows my attitude of caring for the employees under me.
• Demerit: This act is in non-conformity with right of women to work anywhere.

Options 4:

• Merit: This shows that I acted in conformity with the state government’s demand (loyalty towards state) and I respect right of women.
• Demerit: Concerns of employees, especially regarding tough rescue job, is being overlooked.

I will choose the 4th option.

Course of action:

1. I will let the transfer take place.
2. I will heartily welcome Kanika and persuade other employees to welcome her as a part of family of disaster management department.
3. I will welcome her by presenting a small citation with ‘first lady officer’ engraved on it.
4. I will assign her with a senior, so that she may learn work and will assure that she don’t have to face any kind of difficulty or opposition.

Answer : (a) Hints: Ethical and moral dilemmes or issues.

1. Right to livelihood V/s Growth and development
2. Environment protection (land resource) V/s Energy security
3. Voice of poorer/marginalised V/s self interest
4. Social Security V/s economic gain
5. Official duty V/s compassion

Though in globalisation era, euergy security of nation is an important issue, specially for India which is largly dependant on oil import and nuclear fuel for its energy. But it doesn’t mean that poor, marqinelised voice can be ignore. Moreover government have to take steps toward their socio-economic development and improve their lives.

Also government cannot iquore the necessity of energy security and economic growth. So government has to take steps to resolve above mention deilemma–

1. Conduct socio-environment impact assessment-
2. analyse how many people’s livelihood affects
3. People participation in decision making-utilisation of Gram Sabha, Panchayats.
4. Innovating technique of Uranium extraction without affective larger area of fertile land.
5. Alternatives and rehabilitation, re settlement policies if in case of displacement.
6. Innovating improving technology to harness renewable energy sources - wind] hydro, solar energy technology.
7. Effective utilisation of land acquistion Act.

(b) Hints: Here greatest happiness can be viewed in two different aspects

3 People of area V/s government

3 Nation’s energy security V/s livelihood of some people.

• Providing adequate livelihood opportunities and better rehabilitation and resettlement policies to affected people, we can maintain the principle of the greatest happiness to greater number. Also utilisation of Gram Sabha and people participation in decision making in implementation of project observe majority happiness.
• Innovating alternative methods of Uranium extraction without affecting large people
• Developing better technology to harness renewable resources of energy.

Answer : Hints:

1. Implementation of policy V/s people’s protest
2. Health V/s illiteracy
3. Social norms (orthodoxy) V/s women health & empowerment
4. religious belief V/s necessity of reproductive population. (Right to live)
5. Self security V/s compassion and duty
6. Require change in attitude (Attitudinal change)
7. Personal responsibilities V/s professional ethics.

Available options:

• Stop the programme or proceed with it- By stopping the programme we cannot serve the purpose and duty as medical officer. Rather we have to consider the necessary of women health
• Partially implement-implementation of immunisation programme ignoring the female of resistant society is not a good idea. We have to incorporate females of that section to reduce maternal mortality and improve women health.
• Seek transfer from project- It is not a quality good officer. Considering family pressure and public resistance we should not deviate from our good intended duties.

More over, we have create awareness among section of society utilising-

• local leaders participation, (women leaders)
• local NGOs help, SHGs advantages
• ASHA worker, Anganwadi worker, local Dais help
• Providing examples of its benefits
• Taking help of same religious section form other district where this programme implemented effectively.
• v Boosting morale of staff worker

Campaign for literacy

(b) The above situation is a case of conflict between professional ethics and social work ethics on one side and personal responsibilities towards family on other side. How will you cope up with this?

• Suggestion and even pressure from family for not to pursue the immunisation programme creates cobseb in our mind. Also as chief Medical officer it becomes your responsibility that you have to take care of health of people of your district, especially women. Avoiding risk and taking back step is not a symbol of good officer. Even it will destabilize your mind and demoralise you. Here, you need to lead from front and set an example.
• Your leadership quality and people convincing ability are put on test. Also your integrity to serve public interest and compassion ability are tested against your personal responsibility.
• Though you have to careful about your security and life without compromising your social morality. You have to inculcate community participation, NGOs helps, local leader contribution and SHGs potential to implement immunisation programme.

Answer : Hints: Opinion-My friends’s argument is more radical and these action violates the law of land and we come under scrutiny of police and courts Violence can never be a weapon for change, even Mahatma Gandhi said this and change can be produce only through the awareness and participation. Violent action itself reduce participation of people.

Advice-Rather than going on the path of violence to fight the female harassment issues, we should have to go for awareness drive of change.

• More students are encourage to participate in awareness campaign against female harassment.
• take help of local leaders, PRI’s help in derive change drive not only in college rather spread to schools, villages, wards, towns.

Women training for self defense

• Encourage women, girls to report cases
• Demand for police reform and help in improve police-people relation.
• Organising and helping NGOs for the cause.
• Demanding and helping for increasing literacy, especially among women.
• Demand for installing CCTVs in campus and public places.
• Women police station organisation demand and awareness about women helpline number.
• Demand for special courts or fast track courts.

Joining the radical group which is on the path of violence can not be satisfying for me. It may create havoc and distrubance in society and we are prone to police and court action.

(b) Hints: Cognitive dissance refers to a situation involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or behaviours. Here whether we join the group or not create conflict in our mind leads to discomfort. By joining the group we are violating law and taking law in our own hand. Also it doesn’t serve the purpose of societal mind exchange effectively. But avoiding the group and being a mute spectator destabilise peace of our mind. Remaining peaceful and debating silently the harasshment against women affects our morality and sensitivity. So cognitive dissonance arises as in form of ethical dilemma. But it is resolve utilising our sensitivity, values, morality and also observing right ethical path. More over we have to observe law and order along with scientific temperament.

Answer : Hints: Issues

1. Livelihood V/s Nature Calamity
2. Social security V/s administrative problem
3. Privacy V/s business strategy (Profession)
4. Life safety V/s compassion

Though district is drought prone and scarcity of resources created deprivation in life of farmer. But issue of farmer should not seen as mere spectator when you are endowed with duty of deputy commissioner. It is your duty to secure healthy and secure life to district people. The above situation created due to drought and bank action can be handled with following action-

1. Resigning or seeking transfer: This action is cowardly and you are escaping from your responsibility. Also it is disastrous to your own life. You have to face the situation with calmness and innovative solution to resolve the issue.
2. Ignoring the issue: ignoring the suicide of farmers is not a quality of good officer. Rather empathy and sensitivity should be involved to analyse and solve the problems of farmers.
3. Using force to make silence media, NGOs: It is not an appropriate action. In democracy this type of action should not be enacted and people voice should be considered.

Course of Action

• Recommend Banks not to take such type of action that infringe the privacy of farmers
• Write to higher official for considering the possibility of loan waiving or reducing loan recovery to valuntary basis (though have negative impact)
• Recommend or write to government for compensation provision against the lost life of farmers to their family members.
• Organise meeting with Gram Sabha, PRIs like “Sarkaar Aapka Dwar”.
• Seek help from SHGs and microfinance institution to bail out farmers from financial burden.
• Inculcate efforts from ICAR, to develop drought resistant seeds and crop.
• Try to utilise microirrigation techniques meterological department help
• Recommendation for policy farmulation especially considering condition of district - special package etc.
• Compaign to boost moracle of farmers- Psychological support drive

We have to take cognisance of grievances of farmers and recommend government to explore possiblities of loan waiving along with restricting bank for such an action

• Jan Dhan Yojana
• PMJJBY
• PMSBY
• Crop Insurance

(b) Hints: The suicide of farmer in front of our office leads to guilt feeling in our mind but it is more of farmers distressful and depressing life which is caused by drought and failure of crop causing huge financial burden. Though we have less role for farmer suicide but as deputy commissioner of district it become our duty that life of people is secure and healthy. Also we have to consider the fact that our empathy should not lead to threat to our own life. More ouver we have to be self aware and to develop social skills for becoming emotionally intellinget. Persuasion and teamwork in above situation require to resolve the emotional dilemma.

• By hearing farmers grievance and communicating then directly to support psychology prevent us from trap of emotional dilemma. Seeking help from SHGs NGOs and technological department to preventing these situation from hype.

Answer : Hints: Giving up LPG subsidy is a bold and daring step for you when you are not even able to save money for the future and education of your child. But if reflects your attitude towards serving general public interest rather than your own personal interest.

• Making money over salary and living a lavish life is a phenomenon of corruption. You should not take this course of action to finance your child education or in pursuit of luxurious life.
• Though, your family is struggling hard to balance the salary and expenditure without saving, your action to giving LPG subsidy influenced by government persuasion programme is not justiciable in practically. Mainly programme is organised for those who can afford it. You are not as much comfortable in finance to bear the effects of giving up LPG subsidy. Also here comes your personal responsibility towards your child and his/her education which should prevail over your good intended public interest serving attitude.
• Advise of your wife against the giving up of subsidy is reasonable and must be considered. You can utilise course of taking few subsidies cylinder against the complete giving up.

Hints: As a government employee, your ethics direct you to favour and ablige the government policies and programme. But here dilemma arouse in between your personal responsibilities towards your family and work ethical values towards government policies/programme. One leading to serve the interest of few people and other cause help to upliftment of many deprived and marginalised people.

• Emotional confusion can be resolved by analysing self awareness and empathy character of your behaviour. This ethical dilemma of giving up subsidy or not can only be resolve via logical analysis of your current economic scenario and incoming expenditure. Above situation cannot allow you to fully give up subsidy. Moreover you can fulfill your work ethics and responsibility via taking few subsidised LPG cylinder and saving more from your salary to finance the future and education of your child.

Answer : (a) Hints: Following are the ethical and moral issues involved in this case:

• Dereliction of duty on part of police officers refusing to register complaints
• Issue of gender equality is at the top
• Case relates to the dignity and respect of women, lack of empathy and sensitiveness towards women
• Case also involves non-partisanship on your part as on one hand there are victimized women’s, your own government machinery officials (police officers that have refused to register complaints).

(b) What steps will you take to improve the situation? Suggest practical solutions and also explain what possible hurdles you might encounter and how will you face them.

(b) Hints: Following steps can be taken:

All government Schemes related to promoting literacy, securing women’s rights and leveling sex ration will be implemented rigorously. In this cause women’s groups such as self help groups, women’s rights organizations can be taken to run a social campaign. Police department shall be directed to listen to the grievances and register complaints immediately. Failing to do so would entail disciplinary actions.

Regarding political party workers two things can be done:

1. Firstly, their party functionaries or leaders will be apprised of the situation first.
2. Secondly, media can be involved to raise this issue on their platform and bring the party members or workers to public scrutiny. This will definitely enhance the response of the party in dealing with the miscreants.
3. And strictest possible actions against all the perpetrators.

Note: such a system should be created which involves masses in this cause of women emancipation so that if tomorrow you are transferred system remains in place.

Possible Hurdles faced can be:

• Traditional mindsets and orthodox practices, illiteracy, politicians-criminal nexus, political interference may act as obstacles.

Answer : (a) Hints: Emotional dilemmas involved and the way to tackle it is:

• Get justice done for the victim but in doing so the young teenage boys life may get destroyed.
• Emotional dilemma can be overcome by controlling your emotions and following the established procedures and the law of the land.

(b) Hints: Cognitive dissonance refers to a situation involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or behaviors.

• This produces a feeling of discomfort leading to an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs or behaviors to reduce the discomfort and restore balance etc. For example, when people smoke (behavior) and they know that smoking causes cancer (cognition).
• In this case the cognitive dissonance involved is that the boy is underage and thus cannot be tried as an adult but the crime he is accused of is of heinous nature which warrants strictest punishment to set an example to discourage others in future by acting as deterrent.

Answer : (a) Hints: Option 1: Open the site with immediate effect as preventing people from visiting the pilgrimage site is curtailing their right to religious freedom guaranteed under the constitution.

Option 2: Lifting the ban but putting restrictions on the number of people visiting the pilgrimage site.

Option 3: Completely banning religious tourisms

• Suggested course of action: options 2 sounds more suitable.

(b) Hints: Protecting ecology and respecting the feelings of the people is the key ethical issue involved in this case.

Answer : (a) Hints: Candidate’s pointed reply should be “YES”.

(b) Hints: Values needed to endure these harassments

• Respect for the law
• Devotion to public services
• Guided by voice of conscience which is always true and pure
• Remembering the oath at the time of induction into the services

Answer : (a) Hints: Immediately asks for police protection and also direct the police to take action against the local politicians who threatened you. Furthermore the center and the state government will be apprised of the situation.

• National and Local media can beinvolved to expose the local politicians.
• A DMs priorities should be ensure the relief work is done effectively and the life is restored to its normalcy.

(b) Hints: As a DM as well as the in-chage of relief work, option available is to provide relief to the people as soon as possible.

Answer : (a) Hints: Whenever there arises a conflict between rule/law and ethics/morality then it is the rule/law that prevails In this case, being a superintendent one can only request a court or the concerned authority to accept the convicts requests. Wife’s suggestion can be followed if it does not intervene with the accepted procedures.

(b) Hints: By following Wife’s suggestions, One may be suspended for showing laxity in discharging duty or a disciplinary actions can be taken.