Model MCQs Based on the UPSC Prelims 2026 Question Pattern

A region facing a severe water crisis is proposed to receive a large dam project by the government to provide irrigation to drought-affected farmers and drinking water to a nearby expanding city. However, the project will submerge several ancient temples and displace a traditional artisan community that has lived there for centuries. The artisans are protesting against the project, while farmers' unions have threatened to go on a hunger strike if the project is delayed.

With reference to the above situation, consider the following statements:

1. The administration should prioritise the water needs of the majority over the "emotional value" of the temples and the displacement of a small artisan community to ensure the greatest good for the greatest number.
2. An expert committee should be constituted to examine technical modifications to the dam design so as to minimise the submergence area and, wherever feasible, preserve the heritage sites.
3. A comprehensive Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) package should be prepared in consultation with the artisan community to ensure the protection of their livelihoods at the new location.
4. A transparent communication strategy should be adopted to explain the life-saving benefits of the project to the protesting artisans while acknowledging their sacrifice.

Which of the above statements would contribute to an ethical and sustainable solution?