Fundamental Rights under the Constitution are given in Article 12 to Article 35; they are classified into 6 subgroups which are as following:
I. Right to Equality (Article 14 to 18)
Article 14: Equality Before Law and Equal Protection of Law: The said article commands the State neither to deny to any person ‘equality before law’ nor the ‘equal protection of the laws’. Equality before law prohibits discrimination. It is a negative concept.
Article 15: Prohibition of Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, Caste, Religion, Race or Place of Birth: The article prevents discrimination on the basis of sex, caste, religion, race or place of birth.
Article 16: Equality of Opportunity in Matters of Employment: his Article also provides the autonomy to the State to grant special provisions for the backward classes, under-represented States, SC & ST for posts under the State.
Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability: The Untouchability Offences Act of 1955 (renamed the Protection of Civil Rights Act in 1976) provided penalties for preventing a person from entering a place of worship or from taking water from a tank or well.
Article 18: Abolition of Titles: The Act abolished the titles such as Rai Bahadur and Khan Bahadur conferred by the British. However, Military and academic distinctions can be conferred upon.
II. Right to Freedom (Article 19 to 22)
Article 19: Right to Freedom: Article 19 (1a) - Freedom of speech and expression.
Article 20: Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences
Article 21A: Right to Free and Compulsory Education (Added via 86th Amendment Act, 2002)
Article 22: Protection against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases
III. Right against Exploitation (Article 23 to 24)
IV. Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25 to 28)
V. Cultural and Educational Rights (Article 29 and 30)
VI. Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)