India’s Global Trade Links during Ancient & Medieval Periods
India’s geographical location — bounded by the Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal — made it a natural hub of global trade since ancient times. The subcontinent was famous for spices, textiles, metals, gems, and indigo, while importing luxury goods and horses. Over time, India developed extensive maritime and land-based trade routes connecting it to Mesopotamia, Rome, China, Southeast Asia, Arabia, and East Africa. From Harappan port cities to Mughal seaports, India’s trade remained a vital link in the world’s economic and cultural exchanges.
Ancient Period: Early Maritime & Overland Trade Networks
Indus Valley Civilization ....
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