Monsoon Variability and ENSO-IOD Patterns
The Indian Monsoon, the primary source of India's rainfall, is inherently variable, governed by complex global and regional oceanic-atmospheric teleconnections. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) patterns are the most significant modulators, directly influencing agricultural output, water security, and rural economy.
|
Events and Impact Mechanism |
|||
|
Events |
Mechanism/Sea Surface Temperature (SST) |
Effect on SW Monsoon (June-Sept) |
Associated Data/Impact |
|
El Niño (Warm Phase of ENSO) |
Abnormally warm SST in the Eastern/Central Pacific (Weakens Walker Circulation). |
Usually leads to a Deficient Monsoon (Drought/Drier conditions) in India. |
Historically linked to major Indian droughts (e.g., 2002, 2009); negatively impacts Kharif crop yield. |
|
La Niña (Cool Phase of ENSO) |
Abnormally .... | ||
Do You Want to Read More?
Subscribe Now
Take Annual Subscription and get the following Advantage
The annual members of the Civil Services Chronicle can read the monthly content of the magazine as well as the Chronicle magazine archives.
Readers can study all the material before the last six months of the Civil Services Chronicle monthly issue in the form of Chronicle magazine archives.
Related Content
Geography Of India
- 1 India’s Strategic Location in the Global and Regional Contexts
- 2 Geological Evolution of the Indian Subcontinent
- 3 India’s Geological Uniqueness: Some Salient Aspects
- 4 Peninsular Block, Himalayan Region, and Indo-Gangetic Plains: Comparative Features
- 5 Major Physiographic Divisions of India
- 6 Coastal and Desert Landforms of India
- 7 Origin and Characteristics of Major River Systems
- 8 Integrated River Basin Governance
- 9 Interlinking of Rivers and their Ecological-Economic Trade-offs
- 10 Groundwater Stress Mapping
