Managing Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs)

Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) occur when water dammed by glacial ice or moraines is suddenly released, causing catastrophic floods downstream. India’s Himalayan region, with its fragile geology, high seismicity, and rapid glacial retreat, is especially vulnerable. A 2020 ICIMOD study identified 200+ potentially dangerous glacial lakes in the Indian Himalayas. The Chamoli disaster (2021) and Sikkim’s South Lhonak Lake GLOF (2023) highlighted the increasing risks in a warming climate.

GLOFs: Management Strategies

  • Comprehensive Risk Assessment: Agencies identify potentially dangerous lakes using field observations, historical data, and technological surveys.
  • Early Warning Systems (EWS): Deployment of sensor-based EWS in high-risk areas provides ....
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