Ratification of Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol

India has ratified the Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol on 27th September 2021.

  • Aim: The Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol aims to reduce the production and consumption of Hydroflurocarbons (HFCs).
  • It was adopted by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol in October, 2016 at 28th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol held at Kigali, Rwanda.
  • Hydrofluorocarbons were introduced as non-ozone depleting substances as alternative to Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). Though HFCs do not deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, they have high global warming potential ranging from 12 to 14,000, which have adverse impact on climate.
  • Targets to be achieved: As per the agreement, the parties are expected to reduce the manufacture and use of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) by roughly 80-85% from their respective baselines, till 2045. It is expected to arrest the global average temperature rise up to 0.5o C by 2100.
  • India’s Targets: India will complete its phase down of HFCs in 4 steps from 2032 onwards with cumulative reduction of 10% in 2032, 20% in 2037, 30% in 2042 and 85% in 2047.

Montreal Protocol

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international environmental treaty for protection of the Ozone Layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODS). India became a Party to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer on 19 June 1992.

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