Humanism Secularism Multiculturalism

Answer : Integration of economies and society has made this world a global society. Technology, transportation and most importantly communication have allowed people and economies around the world to effectively and efficiently function as one big global society.

This global society is fraught with many problems apart from the opportunities it offered. In terms of economics, this phenomenon had brought new potentials for development and wealth creation. But alongwith this advantage it also carries social dimension as well, ....

Answer : Religious nationalism is the relationship of nationalism to a particular religious belief, dogma or affiliation. This relationship involves two aspects; politicization of religion and the influence of religion on politics.

In the former aspect, a shared religion can be seen to contribute to a sense of national unity, a common bond among the citizens of the nation. Another political aspect of religion is the support of a national identity, similar to a shared ethnicity, language or ....

Answer : Although much used and discussed, the term “muliticulturalism” is not generally well defined. The term can be, and has been, used in several ways, mainly divided into descriptive multiculturalism – referring to cultural diversity, and normative multiculturalism – referring to a response to this cultural diversity that recognizes the unique and distinct needs of particular cultural groups. The former is thus descriptional and neutral, whereas the latter implies both approval of cultural diversity and a ....

Answer : Liberal humanism, laying claim to be both natural and universal, was produced in the interests of the bourgeois class which came to power in the second half of the seventeenth century. There are, of course, dangers in collapsing the historical specificities and the ideological differences of three centuries into a single term. Liberal humanism is not an unchanging, homogenous, unified essence, and the development, often contradictory, of the discourses and institutions which sustain it, deserves ....

Answer : The term ‘multiculturalism’, however, has not been used only to describe a culturally diverse society, but also to refer to a kind of policy that aims at protecting cultural diversity. This kind of policy has two main characteristics. First, it aims at addressing the different demands of cultural groups. That is, it is a kind of policy that refers to the different normative challenges (ethnic conflict, internal illiberalism, federal autonomy, and so forth) that arise ....

Answer : There is illustration of many kinds of political theories in the socio-political philosophy, for example socialism, marxism, anarchism, secularism, multiculturalism and humanism etc. In all these theories there are differences on many points. In humanism and marxism also there are differences on many points.

Humanism: Humanism is the philosophy which revolves around the concept of freedom of man. In Humanism, man is the first and the last reference point. The word ‘humanism’ appeared first in the ....

Answer : In India the notion of secularism is totally different and opposite to the western notion. In the west, secularism means complete detach-ment of the state from the religion. In India, secularism does not mean complete detachment of religion from politics but its wrong use in the state politics.

In India secularism means to maintain equal distance from all religions and to maintain friendly relations with all religions. This is also accepted as the notion of “sarvadharmasambhava” ....

Answer : There are many religions present around the world. Each having its own set of practices and rituals which are in someway different to other religions. For people, religion is a way of life. And, in a democratic society a person has a right to his/her life the way he/she wants unless it harms others. It comes under his/her individual freedom. So, the idea of giving respect to all religions is the idea of giving equal ....

Answer : Multiculturalism is used as both a descriptive and a normative term. As a descriptive term it refers to cultural diversity arising from the existence within a society of two or more groups whose beliefs and practices generate a distinctive sense of collective identity. Multiculturalism is invariably reserved for communal diversity that arises from racial, ethnic or cultural differences.

As a normative term multiculturalism implies a positive endorsement of communal diversity, based either on the right of ....

Answer : Deep thinking has been done on crime and punishment in the socio-political philosophy. In this there is a provision of just amount of punishment for the crime done. Corruption is a crime and there should be a strict provision for the punishment. There are many theories of punishment. They are Retributive theory, Deterrent theory and Reformative theory. In the Indian context, the Retributive theory and Deterrent theory will be more useful.

Punishment: The justified pain which ....

Answer : Multiculturalism is used as both a descriptive and a normative term. As a descriptive terms it refers to cultural diversity arising from the existence within a society of two or more groups whose beliefs and practices generates a distinctive sense of collective identity.

Multiculturalism is invariably reserved for communal diversity that arises from racial, ethnic or language differences.

As a normative term, multiculturalism implies a positive endorsement of communal diversity based either on the right of different ....

Answer : Humanism is an ideology which lays emphasis on the true and complete development of mankind. It does not believe in transcendentalism and there is rational in its thinking and approach. These things are also necessary for the social progress. Some of the basic tenets of the humanism are as follows:

placing the human being as the central value and concern,

affirming the equality of all people and striving for truly equality of opportunity for all

valuing personal and ....

Answer : Secularism as a modern political and constitutional principle involves two basic propositions. The first is that people belonging to different faiths and sections of society are equal before the law, the Constitution and government policy. The second requirement is that there can be no mixing up of religion and politics. It follows therefore that there can be no discrimination against anyone on the basis of religion or faith nor is there room for the hegemony ....

Answer : The term multiculturalism generally refers to an applied ideology of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the demographics of a specified place, usually at the scale of an organization such as a school, business, neighbourhood, city or nation.

Some countries have official, or de jure policies of multiculturalism aimed at recognizing, celebrating and maintaining the different cultures or cultural identities within that society to promote social cohesion. In this context, multiculturalism advocates a society that extends ....

Answer : Christian Humanism is the belief that human freedom and individualism are intrinsic (natural) parts of, or are at least compatible with, Christian doctrine and practice. It is a philosophical union of Christian and humanist principles. Christian humanism may have begun as early as the 2nd century, with the writings of Justin Martyr. While far from radical, Justin suggested a value in the achievements of Classical culture in his Apology Influential letters by Basil of Caesarea ....

Answer : Humanism is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal human qualities, particularly rationality. It is a component of a variety of more specific philosophical systems and is incorporated into several religious schools of thought. Humanism can be considered the process by which truth and morality is sought through human investigation. In focusing on the ....

Answer : The term “Marxist humanism” has as its foundation Marx’s conception of the “alienation of the labourer” as he advanced it in his Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 — an alienation that is born of a capitalist system in which the worker no longer functions as (what Marx termed) a free being involved with free and associated labor. And although many scholars consider late Marx less of a humanist than the Marx who wrote pre-Das ....

Answer : In Indian religions, Moksha or Mukti , literally “release” (both from a root muc “to let loose, let go”), is the liberation from samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth or reincarnation and all of the suffering and limitation of worldly existence. In Hindu philosophy, it is seen as a transcendence of phenomenal being, a state of higher consciousness, in which matter, energy, time, space, causation (karma) and the other features of empirical reality are ....

Answer : Mahatma Gandhi had a solution for everything and so religious pluralism was also not an exception to it. Religious pluralism is a loosely defined expression concerning acceptance of different religions, and is used in a number of related ways:

• As the name of the worldview according to which one’s religion is not the sole and exclusive source of truth, and thus that at least some truths and true values exist in other religions.
• As acceptance of ....

Answer : Gandhi claim that human mind or human society is not divided into watertight compartments called social, political and religious. All act and react upon one another. Human life being an undivided whole, no line can ever be drawn between its different compartments, not between ethics and politics. A trader who earns his wealth by deception only succeeds in deceiving himself when he thinks that his sins can be washed away by spending some amount of ....

Answer : The concept of secularism in India could have three meanings;

• The recognition that the State is secular and that religious communities are ready to reformulate their values, norms and practices;
• The acceptance of Sarva Dharma Samabhav i.e. the attitude of equal respect for all religions as a social and also as a religious value;
• The acceptance of the worldview which claims to be based on scientific knowledge and rational morality.

The third view as the one ....

Answer : Humanism is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal human qualities, particularly rationality. It is a component of a variety of more specific philosophical systems and is incorporated into several religious schools of thought. Humanism can be considered the process by which truth and morality is sought through human investigation. In focusing on the ....

Answer : Humanism is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal human qualities, particularly rationality. It is a component of a variety of more specific philosophical systems and is incorporated into several religious schools of thought. Humanism can be considered the process by which truth and morality is sought through human investigation. In focusing on the ....

Answer : Religious language is same as the language we use in our day to day life. But it uses some of the specialized terminologies that we mean in a particular context though these terms are also used in normal socio cultural context.Most terms are tied to or else distinguish by cultural differences, and methods for maintaining the meaning of its collective terms over time. Particular terms may express concepts which may be largely unique to that ....

Answer : Some of the traditional Indian values Indian families need to foster are following:

• Cooperation: Cooperation is highly valued. The value placed on cooperation is strongly rooted in the past, when cooperation was necessary for the survival of family and group. Because of strong feelings of group solidarity, competition within the group is rare. There is security in being a member of the group and in not being singled out and placed in a position above or ....