Poverty, Inequality, and Human Development

Multidimensional Nature of Poverty

Aspect

Description

Introduction / Concept

Poverty is not merely a lack of income but a deprivation of capabilities, opportunities, and basic needs. The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) measures poverty across three dimensions: education, health, and standard of living. It is based on Amartya Sen’s 'Capability Approach.'

Dimensions & Indicators of MPI

  • Education: Years of schooling, child enrollment.
  • Health: Malnutrition, child mortality.
  • Standard of Living: Cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water, electricity, housing, assets.

MPI Status in India

  • NITI Aayog MPI Report 2023: 11.28% of the population was multidimensionally poor in 2019-21 (down from 24.85% in 2015-16).
  • Rural MPI: 14.96% ....
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