Urbanisation and Migration

Urbanisation: Problems and Safeguards (Smart Cities, Slums, Urban Transport)

Aspect

Description

Introduction / Concept

Urbanisation is the shift of population from rural to urban areas, driven by industrialization and the expansion of the service sector. 35% of India's population (2011) lives in cities, projected to reach 40% by 2036. This has been an unplanned and high-pressure process.

Major Problems

  • Slums: 10 crore+ people live in slums (DDA Report 2023); lack of water, sanitation, and health.
  • Urban Transport: Increasing vehicles (1.3 crore in Delhi) and extreme congestion; PM2.5 pollution is ....
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