Air Pollution in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, NCAP, GRAP, and Vehicular Emissions Hotspots
Air pollution in India exhibits a distinct geographical pattern, shaped by topography, meteorology, population density, and urbanization. The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) has emerged as one of the most polluted air basins in the world, owing to natural stagnation, anthropogenic emissions, and meteorological trapping. National policy frameworks like the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) and Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) aim to mitigate pollution through scientific monitoring and adaptive governance.
Spatial Geography of Air Pollution in India
- Regional Concentration: The highest pollution levels occur in the IGP belt covering Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal.
- Topographic Trapping: The Himalayas ....
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