Glacial Retreat and River Flow Changes: Implications for Hydropower & Water Security

Glacial retreat in the Himalayas, a direct consequence of global warming, is fundamentally altering the hydrology of major northern Indian river systems. This change poses a critical long-term threat to perennial river flow, hydropower generation, and the water security of the Indo-Gangetic Plains.

Mechanism, Observed Changes and Impact

Phenomenon

Observed Change/Mechanism

Impact on River Flow (Hydrology)

Data/Model Projection

Glacial Retreat

Glaciers are shrinking and fragmenting at an accelerated rate due to rising temperatures (Himalayan Warming).

Short-Term: Increased meltwater leads to higher river discharge/flooding (Glacial Melt Peak).

Studies show a significant loss in Himalayan ice mass since the 1970s; many smaller glaciers are disappearing.

River Flow Changes

Decline in ....

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