Sea-level Rise, Coastal Erosion & Shoreline Mapping

Sea-Level Rise (SLR) and Coastal Erosion are critical physical geographical processes severely impacting India's 11098 km coastline, threatening major urban centres, ecosystems, and local livelihoods. Shoreline Mapping is the essential scientific tool for measuring this change and informing climate adaptation policies.

Phenomena & Impact

Phenomenon

Mechanism and Observed Change

Geographical Vulnerability/Impact

Data and Assessment

Sea-Level Rise (SLR)

Primarily driven by thermal expansion of seawater and melting of polar/mountain ice sheets.

Threatens permanent submergence of low-lying areas, especially deltas (e.g., Sundarbans, Mahanadi).

INCOIS/NIO Data: Indicates a rising trend along the Indian coast; a 1-meter rise threatens major population displacement.

Coastal Erosion

Loss of land due to natural factors (waves, ....

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