Tribal Development in India

India's tribal communities, largely concentrated in the forested and hilly areas of the Peninsular and North-East regions, are integral to the nation's eco-cultural diversity. Their governance, rights, and livelihoods are intricately linked to their surrounding eco-cultural landscapes, necessitating specific legislative and policy protection.

Geographical Distribution and Rights Framework

Aspect

Core Characteristics

Geographical Concentration

Data/Legal Framework

Distribution

Generally occupy forested, hilly, or remote areas, often along major river basins and mountain ranges.

Central Tribal Belt: Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, MP, Maharashtra (e.g., Gond, Santal).

North-East: States with high tribal population (e.g., Naga, Mizo).

8.6% of India's total population (Census 2011); 75 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) identified.

Forest Rights Act ....

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