Phenomenology

Answer : Husserl’s fundamental methodol-ogical principle was “phenomenological reduction”. This method requires avoiding all abstraction, all theorizing, all generalizations, and even all beliefs in the existence of what we call “real” or “not real” (the experience of a dream or hallucination can be just as real as the experience of an actual event).

By developing this method he succeeded in reaching reconciliation between the subjective and the objective. Through this method he aims to make consciousness fully free ....

Answer : Husserl explains phenomenology as the process of defining the pure essence of a psychological phenomenon. In his phenomenology bracketing has a special significance without which pure essence will remain elusive. Bracketing-- a term used by Edmund Husserl to refer to suspending judgment about the natural world.

Bracketing involves setting aside the question of the real existence of the contemplated object, as well as all other questions about its physical or objective nature. These are left to ....

Answer : It is the central feature of phenomenology. F. Brentano used the idea of intentionality which he borrowed from medieval scholastic philosophers who in turn took from Aristotle.

Brentano has used intentionality to mark a distinction between mental and physical phenomena. Mental phenomena are intentional but not physical phenomena. It means every mental state is directed towards something.

Thinking isthinking about something, loving is loving something, etc. But what the mental act is directed to need not be ....

Answer : Husserl’s phenomenological reduction parenthesizes existential and ontological commitments to the everyday world and its objects. What remains after the reduction is exacted is the transcendental ego. The transcendental ego is revealed as pure consciousness, which is always and ever directed toward something. Husserl’s critical elaboration of Franz Brentano’s concept of intentionality uncovers the directedness of consciousness. While it is critical that one begins with the transcendental ego, one certainly does not end there. How else ....

Answer : An externalist reading (or rational reconstruction) of Husserl’s theory of content might, however, be taken to conflict with the methodological constraints posed by the phenomenological epoché, which — together with the dynamic method and eidetic reduction — builds the essential core of the transcendental-phenomenological method introduced in Ideas. Husserl developed the method of epoché or “bracketing” around 1906. It may be regarded as a radicalization of the methodological constraint, already to be found in Logical ....

Answer : Some years after the publication of his main work, the Logical Investigations, Husserl made some key discoveries leading him to make the assertion that phenomenology is the “science of all sciences”; in order to study the structure of consciousness, one would have to distinguish between the act of consciousness, the noesis, and the phenomena at which it is directed, the noemata. Only “bracketing” all assumptions about the existence of an external world would lead to ....

Answer : Edmund Husserl’s Ideas, General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology defines phenomenology as a descriptive analysis of the essence of pure consciousness. Husserl defines pure or transcendental phenomenology as an a priori (or eidectic) science, i.e. as a science of essential Being. Husserl distinguishes between pure phenomenology and empirical psychology (and between transcendental and psychological subjectivity), saying that phenomenology is a science of essences, while psychology is a science of the facts of experience. Husserl criticizes “psychologism” ....

Answer : Husserl’s Concept of Reason and his Presuppositionlessness of Philosophy as Basic Motives for Transcendental Phenomenology. Edmund Husserl pursued philosophical inquiry in the groundwork for mathematics and then for logic also. Husserl was concerned with the ultimate justification of philosophies and sciences as the central theme of his questioning search. And this ultimate justification is pursued through Reason’s self reflection on itself. It was the ultimate justification for all knowledge and meaning of the world from ....

Answer : By The term ‘phenomenology’ Husserl designates two things: a new kind of descriptive method which made a breakthrough in phi­losophy at the turn of the century, and an a priori science derived from it; a science which is intended to supply the basic instru­ment (Organon) for a rigorously scientific philosophy and, in its consequent applica­tion, to make possible a methodical reform of all the sciences. Modern psychology is the science dealing with the “psychical” in ....

Answer : Edmund Husserl’s Ideas, General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology defines phenomenology as a descriptive analysis of the essence of pure consciousness. Husserl defines pure or transcendental phenomenology as an a priori (or eidectic) science, i.e. as a science of essential Being. Husserl distinguishes between pure phenomenology and empirical psychology (and between transcendental and psychological subjectivity), saying that phenomenology is a science of essences, while psychology is a science of the facts of experience. Husserl criticizes “psychologism” ....