Question : Show in what way the Gender and Development approach differs from the Woman and Development approach.
(2015)
Answer : Alvin Gouldner- “In every administrative setting there is gender around.”
Weber bureaucracy talked about equality and rationality in selection of personnel on the basis of merit. Thus organisations are meant to be gender neutral structurally but in outcome as well.
The Women and Developmentapproach calls for greater attention to women in development policy and practice, and emphasises the need to integrate them into the development process. In contrast, the Gender and Development approach focuses on the ....
Question : “The term Development Administration can be used only in a broad sense to mark the variety of approaches and points of view.” Discuss.
(2014)
Answer : World War II initiated the concept of development administration. After World War II most of the colonial countries got independence (decolonization) and wanted to develop very fast.
Their desire to rocket boost time and distance and achieve fast socio-economic growth led to the development of many theories known as development administration.
Thinkers like Riggs, Wiedner, Lucian Pye etc believe that there is deep relation between developmental and non-developmental works. And development administration can be divided into:
Question : “Many Asian and African countries have inherited the colonial idea of civil service as privileged elite. Hence, the social status of the civil service is an important aspect of the bureaucracy’s unsuitability for change.” Comment.
(2014)
Answer : Many Asian and African countries were ruled by imperialist countries for hundreds of years. They ruled these colonies by coercive bureaucracy. The hangover of this colonial past has caused elitism in Indian Bureaucracy. In India bureaucracy is selected from all sections of society but they have transformed them into new Brahmins of society. This elitist nature sometimes becomes obstacle in development.
Question : “Self-Help Groups have not only empowered women, but have also brought about attitudinal change among all stakeholders towards women development.” Discuss.
(2014)
Answer : A self help group is a village based financial intermediary committee consisting of 10-20 women. These women contribute their saving weekly or monthly and this sum is used to provide loans to its member. After some maturity in their working they can also apply for bank loans to start small enterprise.
SHG: An agent of empowerment:
Question : “In organizational analysis, there is always gender around (Gouldner)”. Argue.
(2013)
Answer : In the changing scenario, the nature of public administration needs to be redefined and its domain clearly demarcated. Administrative theory in future must attune itself to the changing face of gender sensitivity and participatory development. Diversity in society and in the work force is accepted as a basic value for designing and evaluating the organizations. Diversity is identified in three main contexts: the issue of generalists vs. specialists; racial, ethnic and sexual diversity; and gender ....
Question : Given the importance of the issue of sex equality in development, do you think the self help group movement adequately addresses absence of women in the former mainstream development agenda?
(2012)
Answer : Self Help Group means a group of poor people which provides its service for alleviation of poverty through organization of members of the groups. Members in this group save regularly and deposit it in a public account. We call this public account as common fund which is used to provide loans for productive purposes and time to time in needs of people.
SHG is mainly promoting women’s participation in the development process. Most SHGs are formed ....
Question : ‘The anti-development thesis ... reduces development to an idea without history, impervious to change’, but ‘fails to take account of the fact that for all its faults, development can be empowering.’ Discuss.
(2012)
Answer : Many scholars supporting the ADT(Anti Development Thesis i.e. all current development is not really development and is wholly westernized) have termed the contemporary development process as a regressive process where long-term benefits have been ignored and whose social, economic, political, technological and environmental effects are widespread. This developmental process has given birth to social inequalities and the goal of integrated human development is not achievable. The most important criticism of contemporary model of development is ....
Question : Neither Edward Weidner nor Fred Riggs was able to describe the process of development administration adequately. Explain the drawbacks and weaknesses in their theoretical analyses.
(2011)
Answer : The term ‘development administration’ can be used in a broad sense, to embrace the variety of approaches and points to view that mark the study of public administration in developing countries. Some writers have sought to assign a more restricted and precise meaning to the term, but their attempts have been arbitrary and conflicting. Some speak of ‘development administration’ in order to emphasize the inadequacy of the established discipline of ‘public administration’, others treat the ....
Question : “The market has become the new icon of developmentalism.” Comment.
(2010)
Answer : It is said that Markets stimulate economic development and economic development is inconsistent with sustainable development. The link between markets and development tends to be the one noted above: markets stimulate entrepreneurship and the building up of capital, but the emphasis is on the building up of the wrong kind of capital - man-made capital.
There is indeed some evidence that suggests the more liberalised are markets, the greater is (traditional) economic development, though the argument ....
Question : “The concept of development is multi-dimensional and ever-expanding.” Explain.
(2010)
Answer : The theme of development is as old as human history. However, in recent times the idea of development was born in post second world war era after the emergence of ‘Third World’.
Quiet a few decades of development have elapsed since early 1950, when idea of development first broached. The high hopes of speedy amelioration of conditions of the third world have however remained unrealised in most cases. What is more distressing is that development has ....
Question : Consider the statements below:
(a) SHGs enable women to realize their full potential in some spheres of life.
(b) SHGs are providing avenues of political mobilization.
Examine the implications of these two statements and assess the potential of SHGs for development.
(2009)
Answer : SHG refers to voluntary association of the group of people for attaining a common goal. The common goal can be like the credit needs, saving, or itcan be marketing products or it can be making arrangement of water for groups etc. Therefore SHG is an informal grouping.
Women SHGs is an attempt in the direction of women empowerment. The group can constitute either of all women or all man or it can be mixture of both ....
Question : Which of model(s) in development administration is/are characterized by ‘selectivism’, ‘attainment’ and poly-functionalism. Describe the corresponding exertions roots and attributes?
(2009)
Answer : Riggs is the first thinker who attempted to study the administrative system of developing countries. In this regard, he developed certain models like agraria-transitia – industria and fused- prismatic-diffracted. The limitations of agraria – transitia model forced him to construct F-P-D model.
Fused-Prismatic-Diffracted model is based on structural functional approach. Fused, prismatic and diffracted society corresponds to agrarian society, developing and developed countries, as Riggs assumed.
Fused society is one in which a single structure performs all ....
Question : ‘In certain discourses, there is a reflected basic distrust against bureaucracy as an instrument of development.’ Do you think bureaucracy is more appropriate for regulatory administration than for development administration? In the changing profile of development administration in a liberalizing environment, what role of bureaucracy can be envisaged?
(2008)
Answer : It was accepted that post colonial ‘developing’ nations would be experiencing a long period of bureaucracy led ‘development’. The complex of activities connected with the development enterprise became the responsibility of government.
Although the vital role of the public sector in bringing about rapid socio-economic changes is generally acknowledged, there are many misgivings about the role of the bureaucracy in development administration. Bureaucracy has often been characterized as a soulless and inflexible machine which seems to ....
Question : “People’s participation is crucial to development administration.” Comment.
(2007)
Answer : The Development Administration (DA) aims upon the development of all sections of society in general and of weaker sections in particular. The People’s Participation (PP) plays an important role in this regard.
The essence of development administration is to bring about change through integrated, organized and properly directed governmental action. In the recent past the governments in most of the developing nations have shifted their focus on development by means of planned change and people’s participation. ....
Question : Do you agree with the view that development administration in recent years lost its impetus without making any significant intellectual breakthrough? Discuss.
(2006)
Answer : The development administration has the responsibility of changing a developing society in to the developed one. It is given the responsibility of enhancing the living standard of poor. The significance of development administration is so high that has become a separate discipline and a separate field of enquiry. For any discipline two things are important, firstly it should have a sound base in theory and intellectual innovation and second day it should have well defined ....
Question : “Development administration is starved for theories which will guide the pooling of empirical knowledge, orient new research, and recommend administrative policy”. Explain.
(2005)
Answer : Development administration calls for some revolutionary changes in the attitudes, behaviour, orientation and outlook of public services at all levels of administration. Development administration is starved of theories, which will guide the pooling of empirical knowledge, orient new research and recommend administrative policy.
The attitude of development administration is positive rather than negative, persuasive rather than restrictive or authoritative. It encourages innovation and changes which is needed to accomplish development tasks. The characteristics of development administration ....
Question : Describe the changing profile of Development Administration and identify its effort towards peoples empowerment?
(2004)
Answer : Development administration, as has been made more many times, is not merely interested in economic growth. Rather its objective is economic growth with justice. It works for the purpose of a social orders based on the principles of equity, justice, and freedom, offering equal opportunities to all. The fact is that all major decisions regarding production, distribution, consumption and investment and all other important socio-economic relationships must be made by the agencies committed to social ....
Question : “Development administrator has two important aspects ‘two administration of development’ and ‘the development of administration’.
(2003)
Answer : Administration of Development: Development is integral to the anus and activities of the govt. especially in the developing countries because of paucity of resources, human and material in their countries, the need of making optimum utilization of available means and augmenting new means assures a great importance. Development administration thus becomes a means through which the government brings quantitative and qualitative and changes in an economy.
It is an effort at the synchronisation of changes in ....
Question : “The doctrine of political neutrality and anonymity is no more relevant to modern civil service”. Comment.
(2002)
Answer : The neutrality role of civil services is in consonance with its instrumentality role. It is thus clear that if civil services have to perform, in the right spirit of their structural functional framework, they have to be “neutral” in their approach outlook and activities. No way should their political values affect their conduct and behaviour. Civil servant are the objective, dispassionate and non partisan band of professional who should do a job entrusted to them ....
Question : “Development administration is concerned with maximizing innovation for development”. Discuss.
(2002)
Answer : Development is grounded in normative concepts — that development is desirable, that development can be planned, directed or controlled in some way by administrative systems, that improved in quality and quantity of societal products is desirable; that obstacles to development can be overcome and that macro problems handicapping societal progress can be solved.
Development Administration focuses on replacing/improvement the existing governing structures and norms with the ones that suit the changing political and social environment.In other ....
Question : “It is not weak but strong bureaucracy that creates concern in democracy.” Comment.
(1999)
Answer : A modern democracy cannot exist without a relatively powerful and independent bureaucracy. For democratic procedures to work properly, the modern state must have at its disposal an organization that will not only allocate the resources but will do so by non-partisan criteria. Failing this, the political democratic process would necessarily be based on an exchange of material benefits for political support. If this happens, it will lead to all sorts of political corruption which in ....
Question : What are the objectives of Development Administration? Also examine the demands? D.A. places on the structures and practice for administration.
(1998)
Answer : The essence of development administration is to bring about change through integrated, organized and properly directed governmental action. In the recent past the governments in most of the developing nations have shifted their focus on development by means of planned change and people’s participation. Furthermore, the growing welfare functions of the government have brought into limelight the limitations of the traditional theory of administration.
Following are the objectives of Development Administration:
Question : Development Administration is basically an “ action-oriented, goal-oriented administrative system”. Comment.
(1997)
Answer : Development is integral to aims and activities of the government especially in the developing countries. Because of paucity of resources, human and material in their countries, the need for making optimum utilization of available means and augmenting new means assumes a great importance.
The state plays a leading role in bringing about development through its administrative system. In order to discharge this role it requires a distinct type of support by administration which involves, special understanding ....
Question : How far is it true to state that the bureaucratic state began to displace the administrative stage, when the predominant function of the government changed from regulation to operation of business?
(1996)
Answer : The bureaucratic state began to displace the administrative stage, when the predominant function of government changed from regulation to operation of business. The new approaches to public institution underline the importance of “public policy” making implementation and management within the overarching framework of liberal democracy. It is being suggested that the complexities involved in policy making and implementation call for a “rethinking” about human motivation and efficiency and effectiveness in the public sector.
The question has ....
Question : “Committed bureaucracy is unsuitable in a parliamentary democracy”. Comment.
(1996)
Answer : Committed bureaucracy is one which is committed to the programmes of the party in power. Public servants are allowed to become members of political parties and participate in their meeting. Political parties interfere in appointments, transfers and promotion of public employees. In other words, public services are not free from ‘spoils system’. The public orientation towards bureaucracy is that of a corrupt civil service which toes the line or party in power. The top official ....
Question : Outline the features of development administration and explain the reason for its marginal performan
(1995)
Answer : Following are the features of development administration:
