Question : MIS, PERT and CPM have accelerated the process of reinventing O & M.” In the context of the above statement, explain the recent developments in managerial techniques.
(2015)
Answer : Following the changes in social life, organizations have also adapted, so have management techniques. The new features are characterized as being more flexible than rigid, more employee friendly, focused on rational decision making driven by the need for unmatchable quality. The change has been brought by innovation in–
Question : “E-Governance creates a direct relationship between the Citizen and the State.” In this context, explain the changing role of the elected representatives.
(2015)
Answer : Elected representative acts as the linking pin between state and the citizens. As they make the administration sensitive to public concerns. Era of E-governance facilitated citizen-state direct interaction and is evident through many initiatives like twitter seva, mygov, digilocker, NITIAayog portal etc. Elected representatives too have assumed different roles along with changing trend of governance. Elected representative’s becomes Data aggregation points - e.g. Digital MLA of Maharashtra; Data analysis points e.g. One MLA- one Innovation ....
Question : Comparative Performance Measurement (CPM) bridges everyday work experience with the broader horizons of comparativism.” Explain.
(2015)
Answer : Performance Management : Past and Present
Performance Management evolved largely out of the fields of Auditing and Budgeting to support management and policy decision making. Performance indicators are “measures of the Productivity, Quality, Timeliness, Effectiveness, and Cost-effectiveness of agency or Program activities”. (Wholey and Newcomer)
Performance measurement (PM) is a contributory tool for successful modernization. The main underlying idea of Performance Management is to help decision making using data which is as objective as possible.
Many factors motivate ....
Question : “The bottom line for governance is outcomes rather than the outputs of government.” Analyze in the context of e-government and e-governance.
(2014)
Answer : The use of technology for communication and problem solving by government is called e-government. And when this technology is used in a networked approach in which all stakeholders works together
then it is called e-governance. This technology may include computer, mobile, fax, internet etc as per requirement.
In India this development took place in twophases:-
E-Government (1980s-90s):
In early phase India was under license quota raj and import and use of these devices was highly restricted. Slowly ....
Question : The success of e-government projects in most developing countries is stated to be rather low. Assess the reason.
(2013)
Answer : ICT based projects or programmes usually suffer in terms of certain vital factors. Infrastructure, economic health, education, information policies, private sector development, institutional frameworks, human resources, budgetary resources, interdepartment communication flows, etc. are crucial factors for the success of e-governance projects. If these factors are well in place then they can lay down the roadmap for effective e-governance implementation. Developing countries face problems of low connectivity, technical professionals, finances, and other resources coupled with inappropriate ....
Question : (a) (i) ‘Relations are the building blocks of network analysis’ - In the light of this statement, summarize the form and content of relations in ‘network analysis’. (CSE, 2012)
(ii) Trace the background and development of PERT and enumerate the steps involved in the application of PERT.
(iii) Draw a simple PERT chart for a seminal planning project.
(b) ‘The apparent demise of e-Government and e-Business as the main organizing principles of society has created the conditions for the rise of e-Governance from the ashes’ - In the context of the above statement show the distinctions between e-Government and e-Governance.
(2012)
Answer : (a) (i): The network of relations is such a network which brings different institutions or individuals at a common place for a common public goal so that resources knowledge and technology could be used on shared basis. For example, let’s assume that one pond in a village of Rajasthan has been polluted by its people which has led to problem of drinking water as well as multiple diseases. An NGO started its cleansing but NGO ....
Question : (i) What are the main functions of an O and M office?
(ii) A system of Information ties planning and control by managers to the, opera-tional system of implementation. Elaborate.
(2011)
Answer : (i): In India and Britain meaning of O&M means that, organization and mechanism while in America it is considered that organization and management. This was incited to stream line the organization and offices and high light the wrongs done by employees. To bring the remedy such permanent set up was considered to following point we can understand the functioned of O&M:
Question : “Techniques like PERT and CPM help in effective office management.” Elaborate.
(2009)
Answer : PERT and CPM are two of the most widely applied techniquesin the project management. The basic objective of project management is to ensure successful completion of the project right time, budgetary cost and technical specifications. Project management requires planning and controlling the work in the process of project completion.
Prior to CPM/PERT, the most widely used techniques was Gantt Chart. But this chart had limited applications to explain the inter-relationship and inter-dependencies among many activities which ....
Question : ‘e-governance has the potentiality to emerge as the most effective instrument of efficiency, transparency and accountability.’ Comment.
(2009)
Answer : The term e-governance (electronic governance) refers to the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for exchanging information, providing services and transacting with citizens’ businesses or other areas of government. E-governance aims to make the interaction between government and citizens, government and business enterprise and inter-agency relationship more friendly, convenient, transparent and inexpensive.
E-governance helps to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the government. This helps to serve a variety of different ends; better delivery of ....
Question : “The rise of information technology is an opportunity to overcome historical disabilities”. Explain.
(2006)
Answer : The information revolution has also caused a revolution in administration. Now the public service delivery system has been fastened, the transparency and people’s participation has been increased. The awareness of rights and duties of citizen have been improved. This all is the result of information technology. Prior to this historically public administration had many flaws.
Administration was devoid of any transparency and work in isolation from the public. Its working remained a mystery. The people’s participation ....
Question : Discuss the main approach to increase the efficiency of government and public administration.
(2006)
Answer : To cope up with the increasing complexity and pressure of good and efficient service delivery the government and public administration needs to devise new ways and approaches, which can make their work more effective and efficient for this purpose. Many approaches can be used in addition to each other because no approach in isolation with the other, can serve the purpose of making administration more efficient.
First of all the approach needs to address the problem ....
Question : In what ways and how can information technology play a crucial role in effective government-citizen interaction in context of good governance?
(2005)
Answer : The information technology is the convergence of communication with computers. The information technology has tremendous impact on the structure and nature of administration. It has led to the downsizing of organizations, eliminating the need for levels for bureaucracy and along chain of command. Organizations become flatter and less hierarchical. The need for information keepers and paper pushers are eliminated. People are replaced by technology and the organisation is able to down-size or rather right size, ....
Question : What is Information Technology? Describe its impact on Public Administration.
(2004)
Answer : Application of Information Technology in public administration has brought about perceptible difference the way people get services. It has been realised at large the Information Technology has gradually entered in public life through improvement in quality of services rendered by the government.
Information technology for some time was used as synonymous to computers. But with the rapid advancement in various information delivery system such as Radio, TV, Telephone, Fax and of course computers and computer networks, ....
Question : Work study and work-measurement in Indian Administration.
(2000)
Answer : Work study is the application of detailed analysis of works to achieve higher productivity. Its objectives is to discover, through systematic methods and a scientific approach, simpler, easier more effective and more economical ways of work activity. The term may be used in narrow or a wide sense. In its restrained sense, it is only a systematic and rational technique of analyzing work. Work study in this sense, embrace in two distinct yet independent techniques ....
Question : “Work study succeeds because it is systematic in investigating a problem and also in developing a solution for it.” Explain. Also discuss the components of work study and their usefulness.
(1998)
Answer : Work study is the application of detailed analysis of work to achieve higher productivity. Its objective is to discover, through systematic methods and a scientific approach, simpler, easier, more effective and more economical ways of work activity. The term may be used in narrow or a wide sense. In its restricted sense, it is only a systematic and rational technique of analyzing work. The term is used “to embrace the techniques of method study and ....
Question : Bring out the importance of Organization and Methods (O&M). Do you think that there should be a separate O&M organization?
(1997)
Answer : Organization and Methods (O & M) includes the study of the entire process management, planning, organizing, coordinating, motivating, directing and controlling. It is a study by whole-time staff of the organization of public bodies and of the office procedures they adopt. The two elements of O&M work are organization and methods. One of the important tasks of O &M work is to conduct reviews of an organization with a view to streamlining it. However, O&M ....
