Question : Analyse the relevance of Whitleyism in contemporary employer — employee relationship.
(2015)
Answer : Whitley councils (WC) are Joint industrial councils working as a link between Employers and Employees (or trade unions) in UK.
For an organization to be successful, Whitleyism plays a major role in contemporary world to maintain better employer-employee relationship.
Question : “The position-classification attempts to establish a triangular relationship between duties and responsibilities, working conditions and qualification requirements.” Elucidate
(2015)
Answer : Position Classification is a required element to improve organizational performance. Position classification aids in classification of employees and identify their position depending on various parameters . If qualifications can be basis on which he is given the position , it is the duties and responsibilities that enforced to create suitable working conditions to execute enforced factor . It’s attempt to establish relationship between duties, responsibilities, working conditions & qualification requirements can be seens as,
Question : Distinguish between ‘Codes of Conduct’ and ‘Codes of Ethics’. Justify your answer.
(2015)
Answer : Both Code of Ethics (CoE) and Code of Conduct (CoC) are an attempt for an organisation to enrich its professional qualities. But there is a difference between both of them. Code of Conduct is a central guide and reference for employees in supporting day-to-day decision making. Code of Conduct contains set of rules, norms and responsibilities. Whereas Code of Ethics contains the principles and expectations governing the behavior of individuals and organizations. In essence Code ....
Question : “Administrative ethics is a process of independently critiquing decision standards, based on core social values that can be discovered, within reasonable organisational boundaries that can be defined, subject to the personal and professional accountability.” (Denhardt). Explain.
(2015)
Answer : Denhardt offers the concept of “New Public Service“ as oppose to “New Public Management”. As per him NPM is blend of Traditional social values and modern citizen centric approach , which proves to be efficient in modern era. Denhardt uthe concept of Administrative ethics on line of social values & advocated democratic and effective participative approach to the administration. Simon had said that all administration is decision making. Consequently, the administration can be as ethical ....
Question : “The fact that we call something performance auditing means that we imply salient features which can distinguish it from other forms of inquiry.” Discuss with reference to the main measures or indicators of performance measurement.
(2014)
Answer : Auditing is a systemic and independent review of account books and other documents to ascertain the real condition of organization. There are many types of auditing like financial audit, value for money audit, performance audit, social audit etc.
Although there are international organizations like INTOSAI of whom almost all countries have membership, but still different types of auditing are not clearly defined. These auditing techniques have characteristics depending on the country, institution doing auditing, organizations whose ....
Question : “The technical and multidisciplinary nature of e-government has created an interdependent relationship within government between policymakers, programme administrators and technical specialists.” Analyze in the context of generalist-specialist relationship.
(2014)
Answer : With increasing complexities in society and changing technology, the nature of governance is changing rapidly. Now government is moving towards e-governance to provide better and fast services. E-governance requires not only technical knowledge but also knowledge of various other fields.
Question : Identify the main elements of Program Budgeting, Output Budgeting and ‘New’ Performance Budgeting. What do they have in common with PPBS?
(2014)
Answer : Budget is a quantitative expression of a plan and an important tool for implementing it. To achieve its goal method of budgeting keeps changing from time to time. Different methods of budgeting are usually studied keeping United States as reference.
In United States introduction of line item budget in 1921 was a revolutionary step. After that came Program/Performance budgeting (1940-65). It was not able to fulfil the desires of all stakeholders and resulted in the introduction ....
Question : “British philosophy of administration is based on a unification of science of administration with ethics.” Analyze.
(2014)
Answer : American administration from the beginning itself was based on the dichotomy and gave more importance to the organizational approach of the system. But British administration was based on the science of administration with merged ethics with it.
Britain which doesn’t have any written constitution worked on the principle of efficiency and effectiveness but gave importance to ethics. This made the philosophy of British administration.
The office of comptroller shows the anticipation for efficiency in the administration but ....
Question : The ‘selection model of recruitment rests on the assumption that the primary needs to be met are those of the organization.’ Examine.
(2012)
Answer : Selection process decides the quality and style of working in the organization. The relevance and usefulness of that organization is also dependent upon this process.
It is important as an essential element for stability of state and can contribute in deciding the nation’s future in its evolution. A strong and healthy policy of recruitment is key to strong public service and is basis for whole public personnel infrastructure.
In general the selection process includes search of suitable ....
Question : ‘Position Classification can be problematic. A serious complaint in its practice is that it dehumanises the employee.’ Discuss.
(2011)
Answer : Position Classification is a system of classification which is also known as the duties classification which is prevalent in the U.S.A. and involves the grouping of positions on the basis of responsibilities and qualifications.
In position classification, positions that are comparable or similar are brought together in a common group called class.
It has certain advantages which are as follows:
Question : Briefly discuss the principles of ensuring ethics in public service as recommended in the Nolan committee Report (1994).
(2010)
Answer : Ethics are the moral codes that regulate and conduct the behavior of the persons in the organization. These are the norms which provide for action to the individual occupant in the time of dilemma. According to Appleby it is not the bigger government but morality in the administration ensures the better government. There are various committees recommended for the Administrative Ethics. In India there is no ethical code for administrators, but there are government servant ....
Question : It is said that “position classification”, as originally conceived is sound in terms of its operational characteristics, but complicated & unresponsive in practice. Why is it still considered better than other models of civil service classification?
(2009)
Answer : For the systematic working of the organization position classification has been considered to be mandatory. Position classification is an important aspect of modern personnel administration. It can be undertaken on different basis. Which are namely-
Of all the above factors the classification based on duties and responsibility has been considered to be position classification. Because it provides for the most systematic ....
Question : ‘To talk of administrative modernization and still continue with the conventional practice of public personnel administration is a gross incongruity.’ Offer suggestions to initiate radical reforms in Human Resource Management of public administrative systems.
(2008)
Answer : Personnel or Human Resources Management is a staff function whose basic purpose is to help the organization achieve its goal. Out of four factors of production-men, material, machine and money, it is the men or human resources which are the only dynamic factors of production.
Within the broader framework of strategy, policies and structures of the organization the personnel function is discharged through a number of processes such as recruitment, selection, placement, training, promotion and career ....
Question : ‘Training has proved its incapacity to change the attitudes, behaviour and values of civil servants.’ Do you agree with this statement?
(2008)
Answer : Training is meant to raise both knowledge and skill levels and increase the versatility and adaptability of public personnel. It is through training that skilled knowledge is imparted to all categories of civil servants.
Training is also the process of developing skills, habits, knowledge and aptitudes in employees for the purpose of increasing the effectiveness of employees for future governmentpositions. Training is the continuous and systematic development among all levels of civil servants of that knowledge ....
Question : “Training is essential not only for efficiency and effectiveness but also for broadening the vision of the employees.” Substantiate.
(2007)
Answer : Among the various aspects of personnel administration, the training comprises the most important part. After the theoretical knowledge which provided academic qualification of change the paradigms of subjective growth. But professional education demands the practical skill because of the empirical (public relation) connection with the environment especially socio-cultural environment.
Practical training provides the ground reality of social situation and transforms the theories into practical form. Training also provides artificial environment, which is necessary for a professional ....
Question : To what extent has the human relations movement contributed to the knowledge and practice within the field of personnel administration?
(2006)
Answer : The human relation movement was the result of anger against the mechanistic model given by the classical thinkers. They have neglected the human aspect of the organization and they did not took case of human emotions and values. The human relations movement under Elton Mayo broke that myth by stating and providing that human being are not machines and they are also driven by emotion and values.
This was a path-breaking discovery. The human relation movements ....
Question : Why do public organization evaluate employee’s performance? How can performance evaluation system affect employee’s behaviour? How can administration effectively evaluate employees?
(2005)
Answer : Every organization has a system of assessment of performance of its employees periodically for determining the output of that employee as well as for deciding on his promotion. Public organisation evaluate employee’s performance to achieve many hidden purpose. In every organization all employees work to achieve the common aims and objectives of the organisation. But all employees do not have same capacities and qualities. The individual’s qualities differ from person to person. All are not ....
Question : “If positions are the raw material of classification, class is the operating unit”. Discuss.
(2005)
Answer : A proper and systematic classification of personnel in government is very essential for the management of civil service in the modern state.
The system of classification is also known as the duties classification. It involves the grouping of positions on the basis of duties, responsibilities, and qualifications. In other words, a position is classified in accordance with the nature of job rather than the person holding the position.
‘Position’ or ‘post’ is the lowest basic unit in ....
Question : Recruitment is the backbone of Public Administration. Explain.
(2004)
Answer : Recruitment is the most important process in the administrative system. The tone and caliber of the civil servants is decided by the process of recruitment. The usefulness and relevance of the government and administration to the society depends upon a sound system of recruitment. If the recruitment policy is faulty and wrong, the dull, incompetent and inefficient persons will get into civil services which will make administration permanently weak and inefficient. Even the best policies ....
Question : “Training is practical education in any profession not only to improve skills but also to develop attitudes and scheme of values necessary for effective performance.” Elaborate.
(2003)
Answer : Training is an important component in professional education. After the theoretical knowledge which provided academic qualification of change the paradigms of subjective growth. But professional education demands the practical skill because of the empirical (public relation) connection with the environment especially socio-cultural environment.
Practical training provides the ground reality of social situation and transforms the theories into practical form. Training also provides artificial environment, which is necessary for a professional to deal with it. And further ....
Question : Analyse the constitutional, political and operational dimensions of employer-employee relations. What are your suggestions to bring about a satisfactory relationship between them?
(2002)
Answer : The constitution of different countries guarantee certain fundamental rights to all the citizens irrespective of birth, caste, creed, colour or sex. The public servant are the citizens of the country, constitution empowers the states to regulate their rights and impose obligations on the public servants.
The public servants are first citizens and then employees. But they have special duty to maintain the structure of the states law and order. There is a special status of double ....
Question : What techniques the Government of India have employed to evaluate (appraise) the performance of senior level employees, i.e., Class I and Class II? Are you satisfied with these techniques?
(2001)
Answer : Performance appraisal is judgement of the characteristics, traits and performance of an employee. On the basis of these judgements, we assess the worth of the employee. These appraisals are made to facilitate administrative decisions such as selection, training, promotion, transfer, salary fixation, etc. Performance appraisal is a systematic and objective way of judging the relative worth or ability of an employee in performing his task. Where the performance in not of expected standards, the performance ....
Question : “Public Personnel Administration is concerned with a number of functions.” Elaborate. Why are Procurement and Development functions important?
(1998)
Answer : Public personnel administration comprise the public services of the country. The public personnel administration has certain characteristics which are different from the private administration in many ways. Public personnel have to cater to the needs of larger of people and are engaged with the supply of varied services. Public personnel administration does not exist in a vacuum. It is the product of basic public policy, it operates under public scrutiny, it mirrors general social and ....
Question : “Be it an occupation or a profession, Public Personnel has certainly developed a series of subspecialities and techniques that, over the years, have combined to produce an organizational subsystem that must be staffed by experts if it is to meet the standards set by Public Personnel Administration.” Explain.
(1995)
Answer : The public personnels in any organization develop some unique quality which is the result of their year long experiences. In this regard they count themselves as an unbreakable part of the organization. They work in a manner that it becomes virtually impossible for them to separate apart from the organization. And if in this situation the new staff comes, it becomes very difficult for them to understand the procedures, say norms of that organisation. There ....
Question : “Much of what the recruit learns in an organization is communicated after the fashion of Bentham’s dog law.” Discuss.
(1995)
Answer : Recruitment provides the basic framework on which an organization runs. Through this process the nature of Human Resource in an organization is settled. Thus, for a organization the most important part is its employees which further are inducted through the recruitment process.
The recruitment learns through the training and gains experience. This experience is vital because if it is properly communicated to the newer recruit can shape the entire organization according to its goals. Bentham’s dog ....
