Question : “Implementing a public policy is a process of discovering what works and what does not.”? Examine.
(2007)
Answer : Any public policy comprises two major parts i.e. policy formulation and policy implementation. The implementation, of late, has gained a prominent place in matters of public policy. The importance of the study of Comparative Public Administration (CPA) is well accepted today. There are two factors that make comparative studies significant. The first factor relates to the academic study of public administration. It is believed that through comparative public administration hypotheses, generalisations, models and theories can ....
Question : ‘Laxity in monitoring and evaluation can render even the best policies infructuous.’ Discuss.
(2007)
Answer : Monitoring and evaluation of policies is as important as framing policies. Whenever a laxity in monitoring and evaluation of policies, it can Paralysethe policy implementation.
There are number of problems in policy implementation. Policy implementation concern over execution of policy has given birth to the new field of implemention studies. Woodrow Wilson aptly commented, “It is getting harder to run a Constitution than frame one”. Running is the implementation aspect of Government activities.
There are two ways ....
Question : Give an assessment of the processes of policy formulation and discuss the problems of policy implementation.
(2005)
Answer : A policy decision involves action by some official person or body to approve, modify or reject a preferred policy alternative. If positive, it takes such forms as the enactment of legislation or the issuance of an executive order.
Policy formulation is a complex process. Demands for policy actions that are generated in the environment and transmitted to the political system; at the same time, the environment places limits and constraints upon what can be done by ....
Question : Public policy is not an independent variable and human history shows little evidence of systematic learning form policy experience. Discuss.
(2004)
Answer : Public policy is the outcome of decisions about the political allocation of resources and it therefore characterized by the use of legal and coercive sanctions; by being of general concern; and by the application of political values to problem solving. Public policies are those adopted and implemented by the governmental authorities.
The idea that policymaking is partly a manifestation of power makes it necessary to consider now power is exercised in the policy-making process. There is ....
Question : Policy is a decision driven model of research use. Explain.
(2004)
Answer : Policy may be defined as a deliberate course of action or inaction taken by those in office under the influence of values and pressures on the way resources are to be used. Policy is the outcome of decisions about the political allocation of resources and it therefore characterized by the use of legal and coercive sanctions; by being of general concern; and by the application of political values to problem solving.
The policy making process being ....
Question : Comment on the role of public administration in policy making and its implementation. What are the other factors influencing the policy process?
(2003)
Answer : The role of public administration in policy-making and its implementation has increased and still increasing in leap and bound. Since policy making is political act, one aspect of the dichotomy of politics and administration was that of politics is concerned with policy formulation, setting the goals or making of law whereas administration executes that policy or implements those laws. One is concerned with the ends and other is with the means or instrumentality by which ....
Question : “Public policy is what politics is about.” Substantiate.
(2002)
Answer : Public policy are those which are “developed by governmental bodies” and officials, though non-governmental actors and agencies may also exert direct or indirect pressure or influence in the policy-making process. The special characteristics of public policies as differentiated from other policies emanate from the fact that they are formulated by what David Easton has termed the “authorities” in a political system namely, elders, paramount chiefs, executives, legislators, judges, administrators, councellors, monarch, and the like.”
There ....
Question : Elucidate the political process of policy formulation. Bring out its distinguishing features in developing countries.
(1999)
Answer : A policy decision involves action by some official person or body to approve, modify or reject a preferred policy alternative. If positive, it takes such forms as the enactment of legislation or the issuance of an executive order.
Formally legislature performs the task of law-making in a political system. It is often said that the British and Indian parliaments merely consent to laws that are originated by political parties and pressure groups, framed by bureaucrats and ....
Question : “Policy implementation in less developed countries needs to be effective.” Comment.
(1998)
Answer : Policy-making is a function of the legislature and its executive, of the administration. Policy-making is a part of the political processes under which groups of individuals, communities and nations are governed. In developing countries, the executive has more influence in policy-making because of a greater concentration of power in governmental hands coupled with less responsiveness to the Legislature. Another limiting factor is the availability of resources.
Policy implementation is the process of carrying out authoritative public ....
Question : “All policy-making is decision-making, but all the decision-making is not policy-making.” Elaborate. How does a policy emanate and what course does policy-making in government follow?
(1998)
Answer : Public policies in modern political system are purposive or goal-oriented statements. A public policy may be either positive or negative in form. In its positive form, it may involve some form of overt government action to deal with a particular problem. On the other hand, in its negative form it involves a decision by public servants not to take action in some other matter on which governmental order is sought. Public policy is based on ....
Question : “Policy-making does not end once a decision is made. The implementation of the decision can have just as great an impact on public policy as the decision itself.” Discuss.
(1997)
Answer : Public Policy is the outcome of decisions about the political allocation of resources and it therefore characterized by the use of legal and coercive sanctions; by being of general concern; and by the application of political values to problem solving. Public policies are those adopted and implemented by the governmental authorities.
In a democratic set up, policy-making is a function of the legislature, a political body and its executive, of the administration. In actual practice, while ....
Question : Sketch an overview of the state of Public Policy Analysis, as it is most likely to interest those who have a public administration perspective.
(1996)
Answer : Policy analysis is a technique to measure organizational effectiveness through an examination and evaluation of the effect of a programme. Policy analysis is a systematic and data-based alternative to intuitive judgements about the effect of policy.Policy advocacy is concerned with what governments ought to do or bring about changes in what they do through discussion, persuasion, and activism. On the other hand, policy analysis is concerned with the examination of the impact of policy using ....
Question : An attack has been made on the ‘top down’ character of the kind of implementation studies and an alternative bottom up approach has been developed.
(1996)
Answer : The study of implementation process, problems and remedies is still in its infancy. The nature of implementation process is exactly opposite to policy adoption process; instead of becoming centralized in one place, it gets dispersed to every place. Implementation should not be taken as a routine activity. It is only when policy becomes operational, some of its trival aspects become routinized. During the implementation phase, the policy organization is always concerned with finding out how ....
Question : Explain how factors such as Communications, Resources, Self-interests, and bureaucrat structures affect implementation of Public Policies?
(1995)
Answer : Policies are general statements or understandings that guide thinking in decision-making. The essence of policies is the existence of discretion within certain limits, in guiding decision making. Policy may be defined as a deliberate course of action or in action taken by those in office under the influence of valued and pressure on the way resources are to be used or not to be used. Public policy is the outcome of decisions about the political ....
