Pupulation Dynamics

Answer : The elderly population in India is the second largest in the world, next only to China, this population, which was 100 million according to the 2011 census (8.33% of the total population), is projected by the UN to increase to 323 million by 2050.

Three-fourth of the elderly population lives in rural areas. Their annual growth rate is higher (3%) as compared to the growth rate of the total population (1.9%). Population projections show that by ....

Answer : Dasgupta on IMR in India observes that the male-female ratios of infant mortality rates are always less than ‘one’ indicating higher infant mortality rates among females than males with exceptions in 1988, 1989, 1991 and 1994. Higher female infant deaths may be due to neglect of female children. It may rightly be mentioned here that gender inequality in seeking health care is documented from an early age. It is evident that among children, boys are ....

Answer : Sex ratio is defined as number of females per 1000 males. This ratio is particularly low in India. More worrying feature is fast declining child sex ratio which has become 919 in 2011.

Sex ratio is the index of the status of women in the society and the position of women determines the real development of society rather than GDP. Low sex ratio also shows the dependence of woman and her inability to take independent ....

Answer : Female mortality is the index of both development and status of women in the Indian society. Though the rate of female mortality decreases with increase in age, woman of every age group is affected by high levels of female mortality in India. Recent census data of decreasing child sex ratio to 919 reflects the ground reality. Various causes of female mortality are as follows:

Infant Mortality: It is the major reason for high female mortality in ....

Answer : Every aspect of life of common man is affected directly or indirectly in this era of social change. Today conditions of elders are becoming worrying due to this change. The old age is that stage of life where man finds himself/herself unable to handle himself and his family due to physiological, mental, psychological, social, economic and other factors after long period ofdevoting his life with hard work, love and dedication for familial responsibilities. This inability ....

Answer : Culturally the male child is more favoured in India and this leads to neglect of girl child which could result in greater female infant mortility rate. Poor social conditions have caused a poor educational status of the general population.

This is compounded by lack of proper healthcare facilities. These reasons result in higher infant mortality rate. Most notorious form of infanticide is female infanticide which is like a curse for soc-iety. This is based on sex-discrimination ....

Answer : According to 2011 census the popu-lation of India is more than 121 crore. There was 17.64% growth in population in last decade. According to new census of India there is much increase in working population. According to new estimation of population, in between 2010 to 2030, 484 million people will be included in working population. A big class of age group between 15-34 of this working population will emerge as power to give strength to ....

Answer : Infant Mortality Rate indicates the number of deaths of babies under one year of age per 1000 live births. It correlates very strongly with state failures. IMR is also a useful indicator of a country’s level of development or health and is a component of physical quality of life index. However, the method of calculating IMR often varies widely between countries. The World Health Organisation defines a live birth as any born human being demonstrates ....

Answer : Socio-cultural factors are more important than even biological and demographic factors in fertility. Religious background, education level, age of marriage, status of women, desire to have son or son preference, attitude of people fertility towards contraception, government policies, etc. are among the major social factors that control the fertility level of population in any area.

Sex-ratio is one of the most important indicators used for study of population characteristics. Sex-ratio in India has declined over the ....

Answer : India is a country, where family values of love, care, mutual respect, cooperation and other traditions still hold great importance. Joint family structure might have withered away under the garb of modernity and urbanization, however spirit is very much alive. However, the picture is getting blighted gradually with increasing reports of elderly facing abuses of various kinds in their families. Government has taken lot of measures to provide these aged men and women their due ....

Answer : The population of India has increased to such extent that one out of every six people in the world lives in India and by 2001 Census India’s population has exceeded one billion mark. It is also estimated that in the next three decades may surpass the population of China.

This alarming growth of population is causing various problems in containing poverty, unemployment and in improving the living conditions of people. It is indeed a disturbing thing ....

Answer : Women constitute about half of world population but India has shown disproportionate sex ratio where female population is relatively lower compared to males. The growing gap between women and men is clear from the 2001 census which shows a declining trend in sex ratio. Based on estimates it was found that there were 986 females against 1000 males all over the world in the year 2000. However, in India the proportion isas low as 933 ....

Answer : The history of human culture is replete with examples of systematic oppression of women. One form of oppression of women is the practice of female infanticide. This practice was common in many parts of India, with some tribal groups, when the British came to India. It is found to be prevalent in societies where women's status is very low (for e.g. the Kallars in Tamil Nadu) and there is a strong preference for a male ....

Answer : Religion and caste are the basic constituents of Indian society. In addition, type of family may also be considered an important factor determining the cultural practices, particularly those related to mother and child care such as pregnancy and delivery care, food and nutrition, breast-feeding and supplementary feeding and medical care of mother and baby.

Studies conducted in different parts of India have demonstrated that there are marginal to substantial differences in infant mortality by religion, ....

Answer : There are hosts of socio-cultural factors responsible for the sharp decline of the population of female as compared to male. Presently it has reached 933 female per 1000 male. The most important factor behind this is the low status of women in our society.

Low status involves inaccessibility to power and resources and subjection to disadvantage. This condition is reflected in 39 per cent literacy rate (1991) among women, high mortality rate, disproportionate and low ....

Answer : In India about 70 per cent of the population are living in the rural areas. The agricultural and allied activities like animal husbandry, agro-based small scale industries etc. are the chief sources of livelihood. Nutritional problems, unemployment, poverty, poor style of living etc. are characteristic features of these societies. The flow of capital and cash oriented occupation are not found in the tribal or rural areas, rather, to a great extent, it is still self ....

Answer : The age composition of the people in a country is functionally related to component of population change like fertility, mortality, marriage age, migration etc. Its distribution has also its important socio-economic effects. Participation in productive work, income, participation in productive process, level of consumption, and services needed are all affected by age. In India, according to 1991 census 37.8 percent population belong to 0-14 age group, 55.5 percent to 15-59 age group and 6.67 percent ....