Digital Public Infrastructure

India’s DPI model, globally termed the "India Stack," represents a shift from siloed platforms to open protocols. It is a three-layered open-API infrastructure: Identity (Aadhaar), Payments (UPI), and Data (Account Aggregator/DEPA). This framework treats digital access as a public good, enabling the private sector to build scalable solutions on top of public rails, fostering inclusion at zero/low marginal cost.

Key Stakeholders/Beneficiaries

  • Rural Beneficiaries: Recipients of Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT) via Aadhaar-seeded accounts (JAM Trinity).
  • Fintech & Startups: Innovators building "Skin-in-the-game" applications (lending, insurance) on UPI and Account Aggregator rails.
  • MSMEs: Small businesses accessing formal credit through "Information Collateral" (GST/Bank data) rather than ....
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