Development of Vihara & Chaitya Architecture
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Viharas (Monasteries) - Monastic Architecture Early Viharas were constructed from ephemeral materials like wood and sun-dried bricks, dating back to the 3rd century BCE or pre-Mauryan times. |
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Type / Category |
Features and Description |
Major Examples |
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Hinayana Viharas |
Found mostly in the Western Ghats. Highly decorative facades featuring sculptural panels and carved bands. |
Ajanta, Ellora, Bedsa, Kondane, Pitalkhora, and Nasik. |
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Mahayana Viharas |
Transformed from simple residences to 'Chaitya-griha-cum-Vihara' (Worship + Residence). An image of Buddha carved on the Stupa became the focus of worship. |
Later caves of Ajanta and Ellora. |
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Mahavihara |
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