Security Challenges of Porous and Unfenced Borders
India shares long stretches of porous and partially unfenced borders, notably with Myanmar, Nepal, and Bhutan. These borders, governed by historical and socio-cultural arrangements, pose serious trans-border security challenges including insurgency, smuggling, and illegal migration.
India-Myanmar Border
- Free Movement Regime (FMR): Allows border residents to travel up to 16 km without visa; exploited for infiltration and smuggling.
- Insurgency Linkages: Northeast insurgent groups have historically used safe havens in Myanmar’s border areas.
- Difficult Terrain: Dense forests, hills, and lack of fencing limit effective surveillance and patrolling.
- Recent Instability: Post-2021 political crisis in Myanmar led to refugee inflows into Mizoram and ....
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