Cryogenic Engines

Cryogenic engines are high-performance rocket engines that use propellants stored at extremely low temperatures - typically Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and Liquid Hydrogen (LH₂). For India, indigenous cryogenic propulsion is central to heavier payload capability, cost-effective access to GTO, and reliable launches for national missions and commercial services. ISRO’s cryogenic pathway includes the indigenous Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS) for GSLV Mk II and the higher-thrust CE-20 powering the C25 cryogenic stage of LVM3, enabling heavier missions.

How Technology Works

  • Cryogenic Propellant Storage: LOX (−183°C) and LH₂ (−253°C) are stored in insulated tanks, with specialized ground and on-board systems for safe handling ....
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