"Emerging technologies offer transformative capabilities in border management, but also pose operational challenges." Analyze this statement in the context of India’s efforts to modernize its border infrastructure and surveillance capabilities.

Answer: India shares over 15,000 km of land borders with seven countries and has a coastline stretching 11,098.81 km, making border management a complex task. Emerging technologies offer immense potential, yet operational complexities persist.

Transformative Potential of Emerging Technologies

  • Smart Fencing and CIBMS Systems: Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS) integrates sensors, cameras, and infrared devices for real-time border surveillance. Example: BOLD-QIT deployed in the Dhubri sector along the Brahmaputra River.
  • AI-Driven Surveillance: Artificial Intelligence aids in facial recognition, motion tracking, and anomaly detection. Example: AI-enabled smart towers deployed on western borders.
  • Drone and UAV Technology: Ensures surveillance in remote ....
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