“India’s air defence system stands as a multi-layered, technologically sophisticated framework that shields the nation from diverse aerial threats.” Explain.

Answer: In May 2025, during Operation Sindoor, India’s multi-tiered air defence successfully neutralized drones and missiles originating from Pakistan, showcasing the strength of its integrated defence architecture.

Multi-Tiered Defence System

  • Long-Range Systems: The S-400 Triumph, with a strike range of 400 km, can intercept aircraft, UAVs, and missiles.
  • Medium-Range Systems: Akash (70–80 km) and Barak-8 (up to 100 km) provide protection against aircraft and missiles.
  • Short-Range Systems: QRSAM (Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile) and SPYDER systems protect sensitive military zones and critical infrastructure.
  • Ballistic Missile Defence: The ....
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