19th Century North India

  • Arya Samaj
  • Baharat Dharma Mahamandala
  • Radhaswami Movement
  • Wahabi/ Walliullah Movement
  • Titu Mir’s Movement
  • Faraizi Movement
  • Ahamadiya Movement
  • Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
  • Deoband School
  • Sikh Reforms Movement
  • Akali Movement
  • Theosophical Movement

a. Arya Samaj

  • It was established by Swami Dayananda in 1875 at Bombay and strived to revive Hinduism from within. Inwardly, it resembled a Hindu revival.
  • It rejected monism and dealt a severe blow at the popular belief in pre-determination.
  • Dayanand argued in favor of the doctrine of ‘Karma’ and rejected the idea of destiny. He ridiculed the dominant position of a Brahmin priestly class in the spiritual and social life of the Hindus.
  • Arya Samaj was one of the pioneers of ....
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Indian History