India, Nepal Sign LoE to Expand Rail-Based Transit Routes

On 13th November 2025, India and Nepal signed a Letter of Exchange (LoE) in New Delhi to amend the Protocol to the Treaty of Transit, expanding rail-based trade routes and strengthening cross-border connectivity.

  • The LoE facilitates rail freight movement between Jogbani (India) and Biratnagar (Nepal) for both containerized and bulk cargo.
  • It eases rail movement along major routes, viz. Kolkata-Jogbani, Kolkata-Nautanwa (Sunauli), and Visakhapatnam-Nautanwa (Sunauli), improving multimodal connectivity.
  • The Jogbani-Biratnagar rail link, inaugurated in June 2023 with Indian grant assistance, will now allow direct rail transport from Kolkata and Visakhapatnam ports to Nepal’s customs yard in Morang district.
  • The expanded framework enables smoother transit ....
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