Minerals Critical for Clean Energy Technologies

The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that demand for certain minerals for clean energy technologies will multiply several times by 2040 compared to today. Under a net-zero emissions scenario, this demand could be even higher.

Major Critical Minerals for Clean Energy Technologies

  • Lithium: Essential for electric vehicle (EV) batteries.
  • Cobalt: Used for stability and energy density in EV batteries.
  • Nickel: Important for high energy density and long driving range in EV batteries.
  • Manganese: Used as a cost-effective option in EV batteries.
  • Graphite: Required for EV battery anode materials.
  • Rare Earth Elements (REEs): Used in wind turbine generators (permanent magnets) and EV motors (e.g., neodymium, dysprosium).
  • Copper: ....
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