Next-Generation Biofuels

Next-generation biofuels (Second/Third/Fourth Generation Biofuels) are those produced from non-food sources such as agricultural residues, algae, waste, or genetically engineered biomass. Algae-based biofuels (third generation) have lower pressure on land, water, and the environment but still face challenges in cost and technical feasibility.

Technology Development

Cellulosic Ethanol (2G Ethanol)

  • Produced from non-food cellulosic biomass like paddy straw, sugarcane bagasse, and corn cobs.
  • India’s first commercial 2G ethanol plant with 100 KLPD (thousand liters per day) capacity is established in Panipat, Haryana.
  • The technology involves pre-treatment of biomass, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation processes.
  • It does not stress food security and helps reduce the ....
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