Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion systems utilize a temperature difference of at least 20°C between the ocean surface (25-30°C) and deep water (4-8°C, ~1-2 km depth). This temperature difference is converted into mechanical energy via a heat engine and then into electrical energy.

OTEC Technologies

Closed Cycle

  • Process: Warm surface water vapourizes a working fluid (such as ammonia), which drives a turbine to generate electricity. The vapour is then condensed by cold deep sea water, and the cycle repeats.
  • Advantages: High efficiency, compact design.
  • Status in India: Planned installation of a closed cycle OTEC plant in Lakshadweep.

Open Cycle

  • Process: Warm surface ....
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