SAGAR Doctrine and Maritime Security
India’s maritime vision is guided by the SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) doctrine, articulated in 2015, which positions India as a net security provider in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). It aims to secure maritime interests, ensure safe sea lanes, and counter emerging threats.
Protection of Sea Lanes and Trade
- Critical Sea Lines of Communication (SLOCs): Over 90% of India’s trade by volume and ~70% by value moves via sea routes (Ministry of Shipping estimates).
- Key chokepoints: Strait of Hormuz, Malacca Strait - vital for energy imports and trade continuity.
- Threats to Maritime Trade: Piracy (Gulf of ....
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Security
- 1 Neighbourhood First Policy and Security
- 2 Development as a Security Strategy
- 3 Proxy Wars and External Sponsorship
- 4 UAVs Threat: Attacks on Military Installations
- 5 Dark Web and Cybercrime Networks
- 6 Two-Front War Challenge for India
- 7 Ransomware as a Security Threat
- 8 India’s Digital Sovereignty
- 9 Data Colonization as a National Security Challenge
- 10 Cyber Attacks on Critical Infrastructure

