Early Nationalist Phase: Moderates vs Extremists

The conflict between Moderates and Extremists in the Indian National Congress represented two distinct approaches to the freedom struggle. Moderates, led by leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and Gopal Krishna Gokhale, favoured gradual reforms within the constitutional framework through petitions, speeches, and appeals.

Extremists, led by leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai, emphasized direct action, boycotts, mass mobilization, and the Swadeshi Movement.

Despite their differences, both groups contributed significantly—Moderates laid the foundation through reformist politics, while Extremists brought urgency and mass participation.

The Moderates

• The first 20 years of Congress politics (1885–1905) are considered the phase ....