General Studies Paper-I

With reference to Socialism in the Freedom Movement, consider the following statements:

1. Manabendra Nath Roy held the view that colonial revolutions would occupy a primary place in the future socialist revolution.
2. Roy believed that colonial capitalism had become reactionary by allying with imperialism; therefore, revolutionary parties could not form a united front with it.
3. After the Bolshevik Revolution, communist organisations were formed in India, and by 1924 the All-India Communist Party was established, which was soon declared illegal.
4. The Congress Socialist Party was founded in 1934; its prominent leaders included Jayaprakash Narayan, Acharya Narendra Deva, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, etc.
5. The objective of these socialists was to achieve Swaraj through the Congress platform in a socialist manner and thereafter to establish socialism.

Conclusions:

1. Indian communists, largely following Roy’s policy, adopted a tendency to stay aloof from the National Congress.
2. The failure of the Civil Disobedience Movement and the economic crisis of 1929 attracted many patriots towards socialism.
3. After independence, the Congress Socialist Party remained within the Congress and never separated from it.

On the basis of the above statements, which of the conclusions are correct?