Global Warming Weakens a 400-Year Climate Link Between Two Oceans

On 13th September 2026, researchers reported that the long-standing climatic coupling between the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans has weakened markedly in recent decades, with human-driven warming appearing to disrupt a relationship that remained relatively stable for centuries.

How are the Two Oceans Connected?

Changes in Pacific Ocean conditions—especially those associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)—often influence sea-surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation over the Indian Ocean.

  • Indian Ocean Basin Mode (IOBM): Basin-wide warming or cooling of the Indian Ocean, often linked to preceding ENSO conditions.
  • Walker Circulation: East-west atmospheric circulation across the tropics that connects ocean temperatures, winds and rainfall patterns.
  • These links ....

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Ecology & Environment