India’s Import Dependence From Strategic Vulnerability to Economic Resilience

Chinmaya Dash

India’s transition towards Semicon 2.0, highlighted during the recently held SEMICON India 2026 (September 17-19, 2026), signalled that self-reliance must move beyond assembling finished products to building capabilities across design, fabrication, packaging, materials and equipment. This captures a wider economic imperative: as India’s growth raises demand for energy, minerals, electronics and industrial inputs, dependence on critical upstream imports can expose growth, inflation and strategic autonomy to external shocks.

India currently meets about 88 percent of its crude oil and 51 percent of its gas needs through imports; current lithium demand is met entirely through imports, while significant dependence ....

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