Biofuel & Ethanol Blends (E20 by 2025)

Biofuels are renewable fuels produced from plants, agricultural residues, or organic waste (e.g., ethanol, biodiesel, biogas).

Types of Biofuel

  • First Generation (1G): Ethanol from sugarcane, corn, rice; biodiesel from soybean, palm.
  • Second Generation (2G): Ethanol/biodiesel from agricultural residues, lignocellulosic biomass.
  • Third Generation (3G): Biobutanol, biodiesel from algae.

Benefits

  • 30-50% reduction in CO2 emissions (E20 compared to E0).
  • Reduced dependency on fossil fuels (~85% oil imports).
  • Increased farmers' income (ethanol from sugarcane, corn).

Challenges

  • Feedstock Availability: Maize import 1 million tons in 2024.
  • High Production Cost: 2G ethanol ~Rs. 70/liter.
  • Impact on land use and food security.

Ethanol Blending (E20 by 2025)

  • Target: 20% ethanol blending in ....
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