India–Brazil Cooperation on Rare Earths and Critical Minerals

In February 2026, India and Brazil signed an MoU on cooperation in rare earth elements and critical minerals during Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s State Visit to India.

• The agreement is important because it aims to strengthen bilateral cooperation across the value chain—exploration, mining, processing, recycling and refining—at a time when countries are trying to build more resilient supply chains for strategic minerals.
• India and Brazil have officially agreed to cooperate in rare earth elements and critical minerals.
• India’s interest in such partnerships aligns with its National Critical Mineral Mission, launched in 2025 to secure long-term mineral supply and ....