Fertility Crisis in India

The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in its State of World Population (SOWP) 2025 report (released in June 2025) reaffirms India’s status as the world’s most populous country and highlights key trends in fertility, ageing, and reproductive autonomy.

  • It calls for a shift in focus—from fears of population decline to addressing people’s unmet fertility aspirations.

India’s Demographics: Key Facts

  • Total Population: India’s population is estimated to reach 1. 46 billion in 2025, the highest in the world.
  • TFR: The country’s total fertility rate (TFR) has declined to 1.9, falling below the replacement level of 2.1.
  • Youth and ....
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