United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
UNFCCC was adopted in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit and entered into force in 1994.
- It provides the global framework for climate negotiations, with near-universal membership (197 Parties).
- It led to key agreements like the Kyoto Protocol (1997) and Paris Agreement (2015).
- Its objective is to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations to prevent dangerous climate change.
- COP29 and COP30 negotiations are focusing on climate finance commitments, especially the goal of mobilising $100 billion annually and beyond.
- Developing countries, including India, are demanding equity, climate justice, and enhanced financial support for mitigation and adaptation. ....
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