Saudi-Pakistan Defence Pact: Implications for India

On 17th September 2025, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan signed a formal mutual defence agreement, institutionalizing decades of informal military cooperation.

Overview of the Agreement

  • The pact declares that “any aggression against either country shall be considered an aggression against both,” establishing a principle of collective defence.
  • The agreement includes permanent coordination mechanisms:
    • A joint military committee
    • Intelligence-sharing arrangements
    • Expanded training programmes

Pakistan-Saudi Military Cooperation: Historical Context

  • Military cooperation dates back to the late 1960s, when Pakistani troops were deployed amid concerns about Egypt’s war in Yemen.
  • Cooperation intensified after the 1979 Grand Mosque seizure in Mecca, with Pakistan’s special ....
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International Relations