Thirukkural: Ancient Wisdom for Ethics and Governance

On 11th September 2026, Prime Minister gifted Russian President Vladimir Putin a Russian translation of the Thirukkural during their bilateral talks ahead of the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi.

About Thirukkural

  • Author: Composed by the Tamil poet-philosopher Thiruvalluvar, also known as Valluvar.
  • Historical Period: Generally dated to more than two millennia ago, although the exact period of composition remains debated.
  • Structure: The work contains 1,330 couplets (kurals) organised into 133 chapters, with 10 couplets in each chapter.
  • Three Books:
    • Aram (Virtue): 38 chapters dealing with morality, righteousness and individual conduct.
    • Porul (Wealth/Polity): 70 chapters covering governance, administration, justice, economy and ....
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